Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Finance - Essay Example In addition, a low current assets ratio could be an indicator towards efforts for additional resources that can empower an organization towards greater plowed back profits and the decreasing trend in the ratio for Coca-Cola, contrary to that of Pepsi, could therefore indicate the company’s focus on expanding its equity base. Similarly, it could be an indicator of other parties’ confidence in the organization’s short-term stability, which can be inferenced on stability in the end to induce confidence in investing in the company (Debarshi, 2011). Comparative analysis of the two companies’ profitability ratios is another basis of my decision to prefer Coca-Cola to Pepsi for investment. Coca-Cola posted higher return on assets ratio and this is an indicator of better management potentials to utilize assets effectively for profit generation. Re-investing the generated profit then promises better equity and assets position for Coca Cola than for Pepsi. Higher return on asset for Coca-Cola also supports the position that the company is making good use of its liabilities to empower itself and therefore undermines potential risks in the observed low current ratio. Another reason, based on return on asset ratio, is the ratio’s trend for Coca-Cola and Pepsi over the past three consecutive accounting periods. While the ratio for Pepsi has been reducing and therefore indicating gradual loss of efficiency in asset management towards profitability, Coca Cola’s ratio has an increasing trend over the period. This means that the Coca-Cola promises better assets management in its future accounting periods towards sustainability. Consequently, Coca-Cola offers less risk on investment, in the end, compared to Pepsi. Even though return on equity has been decreasing for Coca-Cola and was lower than the corresponding ratio for Pepsi in 2012, this could be because of retained income that

Offender Recidivism and Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Offender Recidivism and Employment - Essay Example aper aims to discuss about offenders on supervision and how their employment status determines their success on supervision and their recidivism on re-offending. Determining the proper response to the re-offending behavior of criminals has plagued governments, criminologists, the judiciary, and the community for some time. A precise figure for the rate of recidivism cannot be ascertained, as much crime goes unreported and the courts do not convict all offenders for various reasons, including lack of evidence. Rates of recidivism also depend on what measures are used in terms of the time frame considered and whether one is concerned about particular offences, re-arrest rates, or re-imprisonment. There are many factors that contribute to the re-offending behavior of an individual. Many prisoners have poor education and employment histories, experience greater rates of mental illness and bad physical health, and have issues associated with drug and alcohol misuse. The effect of prison or jail sentences on recidivism is an important issue to those concerned with public safety and the cost-effectiveness of putting convicted offenders in prison. Opinions are divided between those advocating longer sentences in the interest of public safety, and those advocating shorter sentences with the assumption that incarceration, or longer prison terms, will not reduce recidivism rates. This paper summarizes the theories and the empirical studies on this issue. Study findings indicate that the effect of incarceration (versus other sentencing options) and sentence length on recidivism is complex and is likely to be offender-specific. For some offenders, incarceration and longer confinement seem to increase the risk of recidivism. For other offenders, the likelihood of re-offense will either be unaffected or reduced by longer terms of incarceration. Furthermore, early-release programs do not appear to affect overall recidivism rates. It is well recognized tha t offenders have a high

Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Different Environments

Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Different Environments Most confinement studies have focused on the effects of freezing and melting pure liquids like water, hydrogen and helium; inert gases and organic liquids in nanoscale pores. Thus, many studies have shown that melting points and enthalpies of fusion in nanoscale crystals can differ significantly from their bulk scale counterparts. It has been shown (Christenson H.K., 2001) that melting points decrease in crystalline solids embedded within nanoporous matrices and melting point depression becomes more significant with decreasing size of pore. However, the confinement has other less known effects that will be discussed in this report. The study of biominerals shows that many biological reactions take place in specific spaces which can provide a structural and chemical environment that enables the controlled formation of crystals. The formation of biominerals in these specific volumes assigns them certain characteristics which would change if the growth environment changed. This kind of organization suggests that there should be similar systems which are available and exploitable in synthetic materials chemistry. Some studies have focused on these changes and have attempted to confine compounds such as calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate. These studies have been conducted in synthetics systems to observe the differences on their crystallization in confinement and in bulk solutions. The results obtained in these studies are discussed in this report. There have been numerous investigations into the precipitation of calcium carbonate in different confined environments. For example, it has been grown within regular arrays of picoliter droplets created on patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) (Stephens, C. J., et al. 2011). Figure 1. SAM deposited on a gold-mica substrate with a droplet of CaCO3 solution by passing a Na2CO3/CaCl2 solution across the SAM. (copied from reference 6) It is also possible to confine CaCO3 within the confines of a annular wedge, formed around the contact point of two crossed half cylinders. The cylinders are functionalized with SAMs. (Stephens, C. J., et al. 2010). Formerly, CaCO3 biomineralization was considered to be based in a combination of ions pumped into the mineral deposition site. However, CaCo3 confinement has helped to increase our understanding of biomineralization processes due to a higher study of its formation. Currently, it is well known that calcite and aragonite formation in biological systems frequently proceeds via ACC (amorphous CaCO3) precursor. It was shown (Stephens, C. J., et al. (2011) how the crystallisation of CaCO3 was slower in droplets than in a bulk solution. This allows us to observe the mechanism of crystallisation more easily and then study the different stages of the process or even discover new polymorphs. The research shows that the crystals that had precipitated within the droplets were quite different in morphology and were smaller than those precipitated in bulk. While the crystals precipitated in bulk solution were rhombohedral calcite crystals, most crystals formed in the droplets were tetrahedral ACC crystals. The explanation for these results is that the rate of crystallization of the ACC phase decreases in confinement. In bulk solution, the tetrahedral growth form converted into the more common rhombohedral morphology faster than in the droplets because the lifetime of the ACC precursor phase increased in small volumes. In particular, precipitation reaction of CaCO3 terminates at an earlier stage of crystallization in SAMs than in the bulk solution. Thus, under the limited reagent conditions, we might be able to observe the frozen intermediate and then, better understand its mechanism of crystallization. Other work has confined the CaCO3 in phospholipid bilayer vesicles (Tester C., Ryan E. Brock, et al. 2011). The results obtained are similar to those obtained in droplets: confinement allow the stabilization and control transformation of metastable amorphous precursor phases of calcite. Figure 2. Phospholipid bilayer vesicle (liposome) (copied from reference 18) Liposomal encapsulation offers excellent control over calcite nucleation and growth. CaSO4 was also confined in a annular wedge formed around the contact point of two crossed half cylinders (Wang, Y. W., H. K. Christenson, et al. 2013). A remarkable stabilization of the metastable phases amorphous calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hemihydrates was observed. Confinement caused changes in the crystal shapes, sizes and observed polymorphs. The effect of confinement on Calcium Phosphate has also been studied. The importance of Calcium Phosphate confinement is highlighted by the fact that it allows understanding of bone and teeth structure and its formation mechanism (Cantaert B., Elia Beniash et al. 2013). By precipitating calcium phosphate within the pores of track-etched membranes, it is demonstrated that the formation of polycrystalline hydroxapatite and octacalcium phosphate (results of the crystallization of calcium phosphate) occurs by means of an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate which is significantly stabilised in confinement. In addition, it is shown that in confinement the spatial constraints can provide a more organised structure of apatitic crystals because preferred orientations of the calcium phosphate nanocystals might appear. This research shows that orientation of the polycrystalline hydroxapatite in confinement is comparable or even superior to that seen in bone. Figure 3. Precipitation of CaPO3 within membrane pores (copied from reference 1) Some other studies have also reported that solid crystallization within nanometer-scale often exhibit preferred orientations with respect to the direction of the pores. Organic crystals were grown in the porous polymer monoliths and it was shown that pore direction affects the orientation of the nanocrystal. (Hamilton et al. 2012). Moreover, it is demonstrated that the sizes of crystals embedded in pores and the polymorph stability and selectivity during crystallization are affected by the pore size. The importance of confinement is explained through the crystallization processes since most of biological and chemical reactions can be affected by confinement, due to the changes in stability, morphology, polymorph, orientation, polycrisystalline character of crystals and also in the rate of crystallization. Indeed there are many crystallization phenomena that we cannot describe correctly from bulk solution. In conclusion, the confinement effects are important in general material synthesis since many optical, ferroelectric, electronic and magnetic proprieties of crystalline material depend on the control of the polymorphic forms of materials. Moreover, the study of early stages crystal growth is hard because they are transient and form randomly. Hence, to study the different polymorphic forms and orientation of crystals, it will be useful for solid crystallization to be conducted in localized volumes.

Everyday Use: A Mothers Choice Essay examples -- American Literature

A Mother's Choice In her short story "Everyday Use", author Alice Walker introduces us to a Mother awaiting the visit of her daughter, Dee, who has left her rural upbringing to go away to college. Although we are not told an exact location, the descriptions provided by Miss Walker lead us to believe that the story is set in the very poorest section of the south. Momma narrates this story, and describes to us in her own simple way the dynamics of the family and the conflicts that arise with Dee's homecoming. Momma tells us she is uneducated; "I never had an education. After second grade, the school was closed." She further describes her rough, rural lifestyle. "I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing...One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall." Although seemingly simple and backward, Momma clearly describes the differences between her two daughters, the conflict that comes about with Dee's homecoming and the choices she is forced to make between her two girls. Maggie and Dee are two sisters that are as different as night and day. When Momma talks of Maggie, it is with a sad and gentle reflection of this daughter's lot in life. "Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to be kind to him? That is the way my Maggie walks." Momma tells us, however that Dee, "She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature. " Where Dee is pretty and bright, Maggie is scarred and slow. Momma seems more content being in Maggie's presence, having more in common with her than with her daughter Dee. She and Maggie tend the house together, ... ...py and shout." The daughter who has the deeper family values, who understands the true nature of heritage will be getting the quilts. Although Dee tells momma "You just don't understand ... your heritage." it is she who does not understand the significance of what she holds in her hand. By making Momma the narrator, Alice Walker has given us a simple but clear viewpoint. Listening to Momma's voice, we can better understand the background that makes two daughters so opposite. Momma helps us comprehend the confusion and conflict that Dee's arrival back home brings, and how everyone reacts. Through momma's narration, we can follow her thought process as she wrestles with the decision of who should get the quilts. Without Momma, the reader would not feel as intricately involved in the story or identify with the emotions Alice Walker incorporates in "Everyday Use."

Edgar Allan Poe: Narrative Structure in “Ligeia” Essay

Known for his flowing descriptive and gothic style, Edgar Allan Poe does not appear to develop any obvious narrative structure in his work. His short stories are generally identified with the gloomy, desolate, and horrifically shocking sensations they spark within the reader. Particularly in his short story, â€Å"Ligeia,† Poe seems to have done away with any sort of apparent structure within the story. Rather, he portrays it as a mixture of somewhat chronological events combined with the wandering thoughts from the eccentric mind of the narrator. However, narrative structure lies beyond the simple storyline of plot and can be revealed within many other elements of a story. In â€Å"Ligeia,† the elements of theme and repetition play an important role in developing and maintaining its narrative structure. In particular, Poe seems to stress one interestingly repeated quote, as it appears four times throughout the story. â€Å"Man doth not yield him to the angels, nor unto death utterly, save only through the weakness of his feeble will† (1, 1, 4, 7). From the continual emphasis of this quotation, there arises a principle notion of a tension between the predominant themes of life and death. Furthermore, this notion constitutes the backbone of the story from which all other recognizable themes subsequently branch from. The themes of death, guilt, life, and opium – the factor that questions the validity of all – provide recognizable markers to the overriding theme of the tension between life and death within â€Å"Ligeia.† The pervading theme of death fills Poe’s writing and creates an omnipresent atmosphere of dark apprehension. The movement of the text incessantly alludes to the upcoming death of Ligeia. All the familiar characteristics of her person (her wildly effulgent eyes, her interest in the narrator’s studies†¦) gradually fade away in Poe’s description of her illness. â€Å"And  now those eyes shone less and less frequently upon the pages over which I pored. Ligeia grew ill† (5). The death of Ligeia renders her husband completely helpless and continually longing for her. â€Å"Without Ligeia I was but as a child groping benighted† (5). This fruitless despair and misery thus sets the tone of irresolution for the rest of the story. Furthermore, it also adds to the structure of the narrative by substantiating the life and death tension. By juxtaposing this feeling of continual yearning with the shock and irony of the necromancing of Ligeia, the surprise ending of the story is further emphasized. This motif of sickness and death again reappears as the Lady Rowena falls deathly ill. Typical of his depressing style, Poe creates a more terrible and incurable sickness for the second wife. â€Å"Her illnesses were [†¦] of alarming character, and of more alarming recurrence, defying alike the knowledge and the great exertions of her physicians† (9). Continuing to accentuate the horror and angst of death, Poe describes the corpse of Lady Rowena vividly. [†¦] The lips became doubly shriveled and pinched up in the ghastly expression of death; a repulsive clamminess and coldness overspread rapidly the surface of the body; and all the usual rigorous stiffness immediately supervened. (11) This slow anti-climactic death continues to the keep hopes of the narrator and the reader fluctuating, maintaining the feeling of unresolve. The anxiety exhibited within the irresolution of death therefore supports the structural theme of the tension between life and death. A more subtly conveyed theme, guilt, continues this trend of unease. This self-blame originates from the narrator’s subconscious jealousy of Ligeia’s intellectual superiority. She maintains the leadership in their marriage. The narrator obviously adores her and is extremely aware of her intellectual strength over him. Proclaiming that she maintains unquestionable supremacy of knowledge, the narrator unintentionally develops this jealousy. â€Å"[†¦] The [intellectual] acquisitions of Ligeia were gigantic, were astounding† (4). He seems to conceal a slight resentment of her scholarly dominance. This becomes noticeable as he states that he renders himself a child in  comparison to her authority. â€Å"[†¦] I was sufficiently aware of her infinite supremacy to resign myself, with a child-like confidence, to her guidance [†¦]† (4). With a certain bitterness, he later repeats, â€Å"Have I ever found Ligeia at fault?† (4) It can even be implied that after the narrator reaches the limits of her knowledge, he almost wills her death. Being so caught up with learning worlds of information through her guidance, he is incredibly disappointed when he discovers a boundary to this freely give wisdom. From these implied feelings of jealousy and disappointment, he understandably feels incredible guilt and remorse after her death. This could be one of the reasons he obsesses over her death. Because of these circumstances, the resulting unsettled atmosphere of tension reinforces the tension of Ligeia’s death. Challenging the despondency of death, the immeasurable will of life eventually overcomes death, thus breaking the tensions between the two. Ligeia provides the source for this will. Her fight with death portrays her strength of character most effectively. The narrator continually emphasizes her spirit with repetition of words. â€Å"Words are impotent to convey any just idea of the fierceness of resistance with which she wrestled with the Shadow. [†¦] In the intensity of her wild desire for life -for life —but for life [bold mine] – solace and reason were alike the uttermost folly† (5). As Ligeia repeats her famous quote (â€Å"Man doth not yield him to the angels, nor unto death utterly, save only through the weakness of his feeble will† (7)) twice before dying, her resolute determination not to give herself to death proves undeniable. Her repetition of this quote could be thought to signify that she can only die if she resigns herself to be weak and feeble – that she will return to life because her will to live surpasses death itself. It could also be thought of as Ligeia’s last request to her husband – telling him that if his will is strong enough, he can bring her back to life. Whether or not the narrator understands what she says, he acts accordingly. Never does he forget Ligeia or stop thinking of her. Feeling that he needs to fill the void that Ligeia left, he quickly marries the next available woman, Lady Rowena. While comparing Ligeia to his second wife, however, he becomes further embittered and his will for Ligeia to return to life becomes more fanatical. He admits of Rowena, â€Å"I loathed her with a  hatred belonging more to demon than to man. My memory flew back [†¦] to Ligeia, the beloved the august, the beautiful, the entombed† (9). At times, Ligeia’s desire for life combines with his yearning for her and the prophecy almost becomes real. â€Å"Now, then, did my spirit fully and freely burn with more than all the fires of her own. [†¦] as if [†¦] I could restore her to the pathway she had abandoned [†¦] upon the earth† (9). Immediately after this line is mentioned, Lady Rowena becomes ill with a â€Å"sudden illness.† The narrator, perhaps unconsciously, seems to be med dling with the connection between life and death. During Rowena’s many fluctuations between life and death, it becomes obvious that the narrator’s thoughts are controlling the state of his current wife. As he concentrates on attending her and watching her closely, she falls back into death. As he reminisces about Ligeia, however, the corpse becomes alive again. One may suspect that Rowena has died days ago and the glimmer that is Ligeia returns only when the narrator wills it. Ligeia’s final transformation into the living ends the novel with a bang. After all the narrator’s lament and yearning for Ligeia to live again, his reaction is one more of horror than of happiness as he â€Å"shrieked aloud† (13) after his discovery. Perhaps because of his guilty conscience, the narrator responds with fear of her rather than love and he is finally forced to come face to face with his guilt. Consequently, this will to conquer death confronts the tensions between life and death head on and thus shattering them . The final major theme permeating the plot, opium use, questions the validity of the narrator’s accounts such as reviving the dead. Not so subtle hints to the narrator’s opium use fill the narrative. He admits numerous times to having used the drug and that it affects his mind. After suffering the pain and loss of losing his love, the narrator resorts to opium to blur the sharp reality of this anguish. â€Å"I had become a bounden slave in the trammels of opium, and my labors and my orders had taken a coloring from my dreams† (7). Furthermore, when he describes seeing the ghost of Ligeia and the drops of red fluid in the wine, he questions his state of mind several times. â€Å"But I was wild with the excitement of an immoderate does of opium [†¦] I considered [†¦] [the circumstance to] have been but the suggestion of a vivid imagination, rendered morbidly active by the terror of the lady, by  the opium [italics mine], and by the hour† (10). Before his vision of the living Ligeia, there are at least three specific references to the narrator having used opium the page before. Consequently, his account is definitely questionable. In addition, the accounts the mysterious â€Å"noises† and â€Å"visions† of Rowena can also be questioned as it was common to give opium to those suffering from Tuberculosis (which is what was Rowena was hypothesized to have). The narrator’s opium use could be part of the source of tension so prevalent in this story. Because of his constant dream-like state, it is probable he creates tensions that are not there such as believing he can control the state of Ligeia (causing her death, willing her back to life†¦etc.). Of course, it is also possible that Ligeia never did return to life and he had fallen into another opium dream. The numerous opium references diffused throughout â€Å"Ligeia† intensify the narrative structure by adding the element of doubt to the narra tor’s account. These major elements from â€Å"Ligeia,† death, guilt, life, and opium use, directly reinforce the main structural element holding the narrative together, the life vs. death tension. All four complement each other as well – for without one, the other ones would not be complete. Without the pervading theme of death, the will to overcome death would not be as shocking. Without the acknowledgement of the opium usage, the story might be taken literally and simply pinned down as a surreal fantasy. With the knowledge that the story is told through the misty veil of opium, however, the possibility exists that the there exists no supernatural elements at all and only a narrator in a dreamy state-of-mind. Thus, although â€Å"Ligeia† seemingly lacks structure initially, its structure subsists within the interweaving of these four prevailing themes.

Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence Essay

Annotative Bibliography Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This book gives us the history about assault on spouses. Dutton talks of two major social phenomena that emerged in North American and the Western countries in Europe. Long and tedious struggle of women led their rights get recognized. It goes further to state the measures and incidences of violence including theories concerning women as sault. The cycle of violence and people who possess abusive personalities are state devenas sault on men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ideas in this book are crucial for they teach about recognizing one another especially those who possess violent personalities. It is good for the society for it educates one to accept one’s rights and difference between marriage duties and rights. It also shows us that we can eliminate all odds in our society and try to make each and every person feel that he or she belongs to it fully without any intimidation or discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dutton’s ideas can be used to help those who possess abusive personality by attending psychiatrists and avoid in ganyabusive behavior. It can be used to educates pouses in a marriage so that they will evade future marriage problems. Also, in the current globalized world, the ideas in this book can help us socialize and live together in peace and harmony especially in the domestic set up. This book can help people who are married to other cultures to harmonize or leave those cultures and then live with the acceptance and respect of each other’s rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weiss, Elaine. Surviving Domestic Violence: Voices of Women Who Broke Free. Volcano: Volcano Press, 2004. Print.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this book, Surviving Domestic Violence: Voices of Women Who Broke Free, Weiss wrote about several stories of women who had been subjected to domestic violence. She got these stories by interviewing and later writing them down. The book talks of what they went through and how they later managed to escape it. It gives reasons as to why such incidences were happening. After escape, the women took a very long time finally to recover the psychological and wounds they got due to this violence. But also, some were yet to recover fully for the or deal they went through changed their lives negatively. Those who man aged to deal with stress after coming out say that they are stronger than ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The different stories taught in this book are the true causes and effects of domestic related violence. They bring a bout what one goes through and how one feels while under going the violence. Also, it helps to understand what to do when such incidences happen. It also shows its effects and how they change one’s life, therefore, targeting those who abuse their partners. This book is a very good example as it shows us that those who have already freed themselves from them aritalabuses can educate others like they out hand couples about domestic violence so that they refrain from them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The stories are very encouraging for they give people motivation to solve their problems and also how one can escape this. They can be used by those specialists in parental guidance and counseling to help them shape their marriage when such incidences are reported to them and even before couples get married. The ideas in this book can enable those undergoing abuses to get out and look for a better marriage partner. One only needs to accept that he or she is undergoing domestic violence and there fore fit cannot solve; one can boldly walk away and start life afresh. Marriage is not slavery, but it’s a path towards achieving your goals in life as one needs a partner who is willing to assist where possible so that they make all their dreams in life to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence Cook, Philip W. Abused Men:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence. Westport: Praeger, 2009. Print. Cook exposes humongous through domestic violence silently. He talks of how real it is that men are going through domestic violence without the society suspecting. He brings several stories of men who have been undergoing through such violence from their wives for a longtime. Then goes further to give tips that can help one to find freedom from any form of abuse. He talks of resist ascend acceptance for those who are abusing their spouses and how they come to realize that each and every person deserves respect. He also talks of new great approaches that can be used to reduce domestic violence. He then gives survey statistics of domestic violence in Canada and also how the relationship changes between the offenders to their victims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story is helpful in realizing what some men undergo. It gives statistics of domestic violence that people are not ready to discuss. The society is helped to recognize men who are undergoing domestic abuses from their spouses. The statistics helps people to know how long they have been living with their friends undergoing abuses without even realizing it. It talks of acceptance that can help those who are yet to accept their spouse the way they are. It is helpful for it shows how much men can be subjected to torture with use of dangerous tools. Such tools include; knives, machetes and any other type of a life-threatening tool or machine so that one can force their partner to follow their commands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cook’s ideas can be used to know theme who are undergoing abuses from their wives and enable us to help them come out of the problem. Also, it encourages courage especially those who are not courageous enough to come out and tell their ordeal to the society. This book can help men to free themselves away from any form of abuse and intimidation from their partners. This book is crucial as it can be used to tell the extent in which men undergo violence in real life situations. Men can also use this book to help them evade any other form of domestic violence against them and there fore reducing the number of men who die as a result of domestic violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Howard, Louise, Louise Howard, Gene Feder, and Roxane Agnew-Davies. Domestic Violence and Mental Health. London: RCPsych Publications, 2013. Print.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This book has been written collectively by different authors who specialize in domestic violence ideas. Its about prevalence and physical health impacts of domestic violence. It talks about types of abuses in marriage such as physical abuse, sexualabuse, psychologic alabuseand coercive control and also it questions them and gives clues on their solution. It also tackles the effects of a person’s psychology which is deeply affected even in the future that may not get them out of his mind. It stresses on the survival strategies to evade such a busesand also how one can control his or her mind to avoid damaging his or her psychology. In addition, it states the methods of interventions and responses people can take after or when you suspect any form of violence. Advice from professionals on domestic violence is also written down.This text has directives on what causes mental problems after abuse. It also gives us ways on how to control our selves and maintain a state of calmness so as not disturb our stressed mind. It educates us on different forms of domestic violence. Different qualified professionals wrote it, and each field is well represented. It is an important text for it has the advices on domestic violence from professionals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story in this book can help us to evade mental problems due to domestic abuses. It can also be used by psychiatrists to know what causes a certain mental disorder, and they can use the idea shere to enable their clients who are undergoing this problem to get out of it. It can also be used to educate couples so that when they are not in good terms to try to their best solve the problem before itgets out of hand. The advices written in this book can also apply in the same way to advice people especially those undergoing domestic violence depending on the cause and the kind of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kubany, Edward S., Mari A. McCaig, and Janet R. Laconsay. Healing the trauma of domestic violence: A workbook for women. New Harbinger Pubns Inc, 2004. Print.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book, Healing the Trauma of Domestic Violence: A Workbook for Women, is directed to those who have bee nfreed from domestic violence and especially women. Due to violent domestic situations, one may develop post-traumatic stress disorders which are not easy to get out of one’s mind and can negatively affect that person. It aims at giving programs known as cognitive trauma therapy which one undergoes to help him or her comeback to normal. It gives the techniques one can use them to help himself or herself by identifying any form of trauma and distress. And by so doing it can enable one to deal with it to help control and change his or her life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This book is targeting those who have been affected by domestic violence so that they come back to normal for those who were traumatized. It is an educational tool for the society to understand the devastating effects of wife battering. Therefore, it makes us even to identify those who are going through post-traumatic stress. It contains technics, and procedures one can follow so that they make him deal any results brought by domestic violence. It is also helpful as I the psychoses out any fears one has due to what they went through during that horrifying period of domestic violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychiatrists can use this book to help traumatized people by helping them to comeback to normal. The ideas here can help us even to identify those going through stress in their marriage so that they help before it’s too late. Parents who are not in good terms can use this book to read and understand what one may go through if such incidences happen. The techniques in this book about dealing with trauma after violence can be used by psychiatrists to help client swhounderwentt his or deal. Therefore, they identify what the form of trauma is, and this can help them to accordingly better their lives. It can also be used individually as one can remember well what went wrong in that marriage and helped them better their lives. References Cook, Philip W. Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence. Westport: Praeger,  2009. Print. Dutton, Donald G. Rethinking Domestic Violence. Vancouver: UBC Press,  2006. Print. Howard, Louise, Louise Howard, Gene Feder, and Roxane Agnew-Davies. Domestic Violence and Mental Health. London: RCPsych Publications,  2013. Print. Kubany, Edward S., Mari A. McCaig, and Janet R. Laconsay. Healing the trauma of domestic violence: A workbook for women. New Harbinger Pubns Inc, 2004. Print. Weiss, Elaine. Surviving Domestic Violence: Voices of Women Who Broke Free. Volcano: Volcano Press,  2004. Print. Source document

French Words Nouveau vs. Neuf

French Words Nouveau vs. Neuf English speakers sometimes find it difficult to translate new into French, due to confusion over the French words nouveau and neuf. In fact, the French adjectives have distinctly different meanings; the problem is actually caused by the fact that the English new has more than one meaning. Fortunately, this is an easy problem to remedy. Read over this lesson, learn the difference between nouveau and neuf, and you wont have any more trouble saying new in French. Nouveau Nouveau means new in the sense of new to the owner - a change or improvement; that is, something that is new because its different than what came before, regardless of whether it is brand new from the store. The opposite of nouveau is ancien (former).As-tu vu ma nouvelle voiture ?Have you seen my new car?(The car is not necessarily new out of the factory; new here means new to the speaker.)Il a mis une nouvelle chemise.He put a new shirt on.(He took off the shirt he was wearing and put a different one on in its place. The new shirt may or may not be new from the store; the important thing here is that it is different.)Cest nouveau.Its new.(I just bought/found/made it.)Nous avons un nouvel appartement.We have a new apartment.(We just moved.)Jai vu le nouveau pont.I saw the new bridge.(The replacement for the one that got washed out.) Nouveau precedes the noun it modifies and changes to agree in gender and number with it.nouveau - nouvelle - nouveaux - nouvellesNouveau has a special form for masculine nouns that begin with a vowel: nouvel. Note that une nouvelle is a piece of news and les nouvelles refer to the news in general. Neuf Neuf means new in the sense of brand new, fresh out of the factory, first of its kind. The opposite of neuf is vieux (old).Je nai jamais achetà © une voiture neuve.Ive never bought a new car.(I always buy used cars.)Il a achetà © une chemise neuve.He bought a new shirt.(He went to the store and bought a brand-new shirt.)Comme neuf.As good as new.(Its fixed, so now its just like new.)Nous avons un appartement neuf.We have a new apartment.(We live in a brand-new building.)Jai vu le Pont neuf.I saw the Pont neuf (in Paris).(Although this is the oldest bridge in Paris, at the time it was built and named, it was a brand-new bridge in a brand-new spot.) Neuf follows the noun it modifies and changes to agree in gender and number with it:neuf - neuve - neufs - neuves Remember that neuf is also the number nine:Jai neuf cousins - I have nine cousins. Nouveau vs Neuf In summary, nouveau means something has changed, while neuf indicates that something is newly-made. With this new knowledge, you shouldnt have any more trouble deciding whether to use neuf or nouveau.

Free Essays on Search For Order

Search for Order from 1877-1916 During the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s the United States had a great undertaking of finding order. Order, in the general term of life, both on the personal aspects and the country as a whole had been disassembled during the civil war and the events that occurred shortly there after. This paper is to illustrate how Americans executed the search for order, in the broad sense of the word. There will be three points brought to light to support the claim of order, the aspects of Economic, Social, and Cultural. ECONOMIC Economic stability and equal opportunity define the search for economic order for each and every American. During the time in question, there was very little economic order. Those Americans that were lucky enough to join the steel/cattle/ and other industries that were thriving in the early 19th Century were set for life, vs. the immigrants that just started to see American soil and work here for the first time. There was a huge contrast in wages, the wealth wasn’t spread very even, and Americans were either rich or poor. During this time period, there were many trying to level the playing field in their quest to improve their economic situation. 1. Jane Addams was famous for founding the Hull House in 1889. The house was dedicated to teaching immigrants and underprivileged individuals some sort of specific trade or skill along with English to allow them to fend for their personal economic freedom. 2. In 1886, the American Federation of Labor started Wage Protection; the American Federation of Labor came into existence under that name in 1886. In fact, it began with a longer, more cumbersome name, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada. This organization was founded on November 15-18, 1881 at the Turner Hall in downtown Pittsburgh. Many of the pioneers of the American labor movement in this period were German-American, though... Free Essays on Search For Order Free Essays on Search For Order Search for Order from 1877-1916 During the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s the United States had a great undertaking of finding order. Order, in the general term of life, both on the personal aspects and the country as a whole had been disassembled during the civil war and the events that occurred shortly there after. This paper is to illustrate how Americans executed the search for order, in the broad sense of the word. There will be three points brought to light to support the claim of order, the aspects of Economic, Social, and Cultural. ECONOMIC Economic stability and equal opportunity define the search for economic order for each and every American. During the time in question, there was very little economic order. Those Americans that were lucky enough to join the steel/cattle/ and other industries that were thriving in the early 19th Century were set for life, vs. the immigrants that just started to see American soil and work here for the first time. There was a huge contrast in wages, the wealth wasn’t spread very even, and Americans were either rich or poor. During this time period, there were many trying to level the playing field in their quest to improve their economic situation. 1. Jane Addams was famous for founding the Hull House in 1889. The house was dedicated to teaching immigrants and underprivileged individuals some sort of specific trade or skill along with English to allow them to fend for their personal economic freedom. 2. In 1886, the American Federation of Labor started Wage Protection; the American Federation of Labor came into existence under that name in 1886. In fact, it began with a longer, more cumbersome name, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada. This organization was founded on November 15-18, 1881 at the Turner Hall in downtown Pittsburgh. Many of the pioneers of the American labor movement in this period were German-American, though...

Barn Burning

William Faulkner's Barn Burning through Children's Eye William Faulkner's Barn Burning , Faulkner chose to speak through a little boy, Satoris Snoops his story By choosing Sartoris's perspective, Faulker is Abner's behavior So that people influenced can take action. It is not uncommon to tell a story from a child's point of view, but it does not seem to be a child's story on the surface. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depres sion. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. Barn Burning William Faulkner is concerned about the southern part and its black slavery. The barn grilling problem involves conflict between the father and the child. The theme of this story is focusing on justice. That boy, Satie objected to his father's burning the barn and hoped that people would be treated fairly. His father, Abner, believes his son should respect and support his relatives. Abner thinks family is anyway correct. Faulkner's intention is to show that it is very difficult to choose between his family and justice. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapat awpha County Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story i s the same. Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. Barn Burning In Barn Burning by William Faulkner, Sarty Snopes is a young, poor boy caught in an ethical dilemma. He made enormous efforts to maintain loyalty to his family and his loyalty to himself. Sarty's ideal image of his father and his loyalty to his own bloodline limited Sarty (at the beginning of the story) and sent his father to the authorities for crime. However, his strong moral guidance consciously influenced his ideas through the story, and forced him to do the right thing at last. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. This is a stor y that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruthless, l awless, violent. The use of blood in barn-yaki and barn-yaki is about the boy's struggle to do the right thing after the war. The main character, Sartoris Snopes, is a poor son of an immigrant tenant. In the opening ceremony, he was asked by the patrol judge to look up the barn of the farmer 's burnt farmer. The boy did not tell his father, and he was not compelled to do so, he thought he asked someone to do so. Father Abner Snopes analyzed the burning of William Faulkner's barn in the Civil War. William Faulkner's short story Barn Burning is a teen-year-old boy, Sarty Snopes, gradually noticed that his father, Abner Snopes, refuses to accept peace and dignity from his relationship with others. I will send my hopeless and sad life. Essentially, Sarty is faced with the dilemma of making the right choice and wrong choice between his family (his blood) and his moral conscience. Jane Hills explains this. Barn Burning It is meaningful for Sarty to betray his father at William Faulkner's story Barn Burning. As he was trying to burn Mr. Harris 's barn, the reader was introduced to Sarty' s father. Because there was no evidence, Peace judge rescinded Sartre's father Abner Snopes' father and ordered him to leave. A tough image of Sarty's father appeared online. That place stiffened a while ago (2177). Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression . Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. Barn Burning The barn burns You become a person.You must learn.You must learn to stick to your own blood, otherwise there is no blood to stick to you . As Jane Hills suggests in her explanation, it reveals the central problem of the story. The story is about blood relations, but more specifically how these relationships affect Sarty (the central function of the story). This story explores the internal conflicts and dilemmas Sarty faces. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and econ omic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. The use of blood in barn-yaki and barn-yaki is about the boy's struggle to do the right thing after the war. The main character, Sartoris Snopes, is a poor son of an immigrant tenant. In the opening ceremony, he was asked by the patrol judge to look up the barn of the farmer 's burnt farmer. The boy did not tell his father, and he was not compelled to do so, he thought he asked someone to do so. Father Abner Snopes analyzed the burning of William Faulkner's barn in the Civil War. William Faulkner's short story Barn Burning is a teen-year-old boy, Sarty Snopes, gradually noticed that his father, Abner Snopes, refuses to accept peace and dignity from his relationship with others. I will send my hopeless and sad life. Essentially, Sarty is faced with the dilemma of making the right choice and wrong choice between his family (his blood) and his moral conscience. Jane Hills explains this. Barn Burning Burning a barn Burning a barn is a sad story, as it clearly shows the classic struggle between privilege class and weak class. Over and over, despair is manifested in the hero and the opponent of the story. This story outlines two different heroes and two different opponents. The first two are Colonel Sartoris Snopes (Sarty) and his father Abner Snopes (Ab). Sarty is the hero surrounded by his father's confrontation, Ab is the protagonist of the social structure and the struggle imposed on him and his family. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha Coun ty Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same . Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. Barn Burning The use of blood in barn-yaki and barn-yaki is about the boy's struggle to do the right thing after the war. The main character, Sartoris Snopes, is a poor son of an immigrant tenant. In the opening ceremony, he was asked by the patrol judge to look up the barn of the farmer 's burnt farmer. The boy did not tell his father, and he was not compelled to do so, he thought he asked someone to do so. Father Abner Snopes served both sides in the civil war and it was difficult to let his anger escape. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. Th is is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. The use of blood in barn-yaki and barn-yaki is about the boy's struggle to do the right thing after the war. The main character, Sartoris Snopes, is a poor son of an immigrant tenant. In the opening ceremony, he was asked by the patrol judge to look up the barn of the farmer 's burnt farmer. The boy did not tell his father, and he was not compelled to do so, he thought he asked someone to do so. Father Abner Snopes analyzed the burning of William Faulkner's barn in the Civil War. William Faulkner's short story Barn Burning is a teen-year-old boy, Sarty Snopes, gradually noticed that his father, Abner Snopes, refuses to accept peace and dignity from his relationship with others. I will send my hopeless and sad life. Essentially, Sarty is faced with the dilemma of making the right choice and wrong choice between his family (his blood) and his moral conscience. Jane Hills explains this. Barn Burning In Barn Burning, the author William Faulkner wrote a wonderful story about the poor boy who lives in anxiety, despair, and fear. He introduced the colonel Satoriosunpes, or a long-aged boy, Thirty. Because of the bad living environment, Sarty has to choose between justice and family. At the age of 10, Sarty started to believe that his sincerity will help him make the right choice. Loyalty to his family does not allow him to understand why he warned the De Spain family when he was so young. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: Later, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the rich, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruth less, lawless, violent. Barn Burning As barn has to choose between his family and their doctrine or his own moral and value, the barns burn through the story Barn Burning, the writer William Faulkner conveys the moral growth and development of the little boy Make a critical decision. Readers should be aware that the story of burning a barn was written in the 1930s, during the era of economic, social and cultural turmoil. Faulkner brings these desperate themes to Snoop's story. During the rebuilding of the Civil War, Faulkner began talking about barn-yaki at the southern court and it was a social, cultural and economically unstable period. Faulkner 's barn baked and turned off Naritane burning and unprocessed narrator presents a totally different storytelling approach. In Barn Burning, Faulkner used a third party in a limited omniscised way that allowed him to enter the story of the main character Sartoris Snowpice. From this point of view, the narrator decided what the story had happened in the past and he commented: La ter, 20 years later, he also tells himself. Burning in Mississippi's virtual Yoknapatawpha County Occurred. This is a story that happened in the 1930s when there were social and economic problems during the Great Depression. Burnburning is a story about social inequality, especially the rich land of Spanish houses, in stark contrast to the Sartoris family farming law. Abner is the father of this family. He is indifferent to him. His family kept moving around for this reason. William Faulkner's Barn Burnout happened. Burning Abner's barn plays a vital role in finding potential information and topics. Family obligations This setting plays an important role in determining the context of events occurring in every document. Barn grill in 1930, short story by William Faulkner barn grill explains the typical relationship between rich and poor during the Civil War. The main character Abner Snopes earns a living for his family. He looked down on the rich. Because of the resentment to the ric h, he went to burn out their warehouse to retaliate. The role of Abner in the story is the same. Because he is ruthless, lawless, violent. The use of blood in barn-yaki and barn-yaki is about the boy's struggle to do the right thing after the war. The main character, Sartoris Snopes, is a poor son of an immigrant tenant. In the opening ceremony, he was asked by the patrol judge to look up the barn of the farmer 's burnt farmer. The boy did not tell his father, and he was not compelled to do so, he thought he asked someone to do so. Father Abner Snopes analyzed the burning of William Faulkner's barn in the Civil War. William Faulkner's short story Barn Burning is a teen-year-old boy, Sarty Snopes, gradually noticed that his father, Abner Snopes, refuses to accept peace and dignity from his relationship with others. I will send my hopeless and sad life. Essentially, Sarty is faced with the dilemma of making the right choice and wrong choice between his family (his blood) and his moral conscience. Jane Hills explains this.

HOW DID THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IMPACT THE IMAGE OF SWISS BANKING Research Paper

HOW DID THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IMPACT THE IMAGE OF SWISS BANKING - Research Paper Example Currently, the financial uncertainty in the zone of the euro is an intensive importance to the Swiss banking sector. While the banking system cannot influence improvements in the area of euro, they can react in a resolute and systematically to reduce the negative reputation of the nation, (International Labor Office, 2011). Swiss banking systems are distinguished by their privacy, stability and preservation of their assets and key information. The Swiss banking sector has earned a global reputation for offering advanced and prudent private banking services. In fact, all the banks must be approved by SFG (Swiss Federal government) via its banking revenue to conduct business. Approximately 5.9% of the workforce and more that 195 thousand workers are hired by the financial sector of Switzerland. Similarly, key Swiss banks hire thousands of staff globally. The Swiss financial department amounts a key subsidiary impact on other financial opportunities of the nation. Unfortunately, with the current financial upturn underway, the secrecy of the bank is crumbling. In fact, the private banking of Switzerland may never function as it used to function. This is because there is intensive pressure from the United States of America and the EU demanding worldwide automatic exchange of information. Yet the United States and England who control tax havens including Delaware and Cayman, should also take part in information exchange. Currently, lobbyists and Swiss bankers are unsure about the stability of their banks and economy in the near future. There is an anticipated fear of loss of jobs, shrinking salaries and wages and the various francs billions that are feared to flow out the banking system in the future years, to areas such as Delaware state of US and Singapore. This is expected to have inflicted negative impacts on the banking system. For instance, The Swiss

Anode materials in Li-ion batteries Research Paper

Anode materials in Li-ion batteries - Research Paper Example Moreover, future development requires different ways of improving the anode materials which shall be discussed in this paper. The paper would be of prime importance for engineers and electronic professionals dealing in Li-ion Batteries whereas it will also benefit other researchers and people who are interesting in learning about the anode materials. Description Li-ion Battery is also known as Lithium ion battery which is primarily used as rechargeable support to different electronic devices. Currently its market sell is around 11 billion which is expected to reach 60 billion by 2020 (Li-ion batteries). Due to the technological advancements human lives are now prominently dominated by electronic gadgets and other devices. These portable electronic items require immense support of rechargeable batteries and hence Lithium ion Battery performs a very crucial role in the technological development. However, these batteries are associated with another important factor which directly impact s their performance and efficiency i.e. the properties of Anode materials used (Li-ion batteries). Source: Futurity 1 Li-ion batteries function on the basis of discharge and recharge of lithium ions. When Lithium ions are transferred from anode to cathode the Li-ion battery discharges. Subsequently it is attached to a socket in order to recharge the ions which now travel in opposite direction i.e. from cathode to anode. The property of materials used in anode substantially affects the capacity and performance of the battery. If some lapses occur in the performance of batteries then particular anode materials are replaced with substances having more capacity, density, battery life cycle, life span of the charge etc. (Li-ion batteries). The chemical reactions taking place in Li-ion batteries are presented below: Complete reaction in a cell of Li-ion Battery At Anode At Cathode The following diagram depicts the Li-ion battery in a functioning state and the movement of ions can be close ly observed. Source: Nexeon 1 Properties of Anode Materials Different anode materials are used in Lithium batteries depending upon the requirement of chargeable devices. The selection of material is further associated with the capacity constraints and the overall life of the battery. Graphite is commercially used in Li-ion battery. The first generation of Li-ion batteries was primarily operated with graphite anode material because it was found beneficial in placing the Lithium ions in to variable layers. Later on these materials were changed due to the limited capacity of graphite to store charge i.e. 300mAhg-1 (Li-ion batteries). Extensive research was conducted so as to identify other suitable materials which could be placed at anode and consequently silicon was examined to be more productive than graphite. Silicon gives the maximum gravimetric capacity while increasing the battery life. The volumetric capacity of anode significantly enhances with the insertion of lithium ions tak e in to the silicon material (Li-ion batteries). When a Li-ion battery is charged which is primarily designed with silicon anode material then the lithium ions enter the silicon ions subsequently increasing the volume by 400%. On the other hand when the battery discharges the lithium ions are removed from silicon material hence decreasing the overall volume. Although silicon has found to be more efficient than the graphite anodes but the continuous contraction and expansion ultimately causes

Sex, Nudity, Violence in Modern Era Music Essay

Sex, Nudity, Violence in Modern Era Music - Essay Example The musicians seethe with anger, remember they're frustrating lives before they had a breakthrough and so on. Despite their frustrating pasts which manifest themselves in their lyrics most of these bands have lived a commercial success through their bands and have entered the well-known world of fame and fortune. At the same time, the money and publicity brought with them sex scandals, drug addiction, and public disorder. Few postmodern bands have been prudent with their fame and fortune but the music world is full of sad tragedies like Kurt Cobain’s unfortunate suicide. In this vein, my research will explore to what extent are Rap and Grunge bands a victim of drug effects themselves other than the alleged promotion of a culture of sex nudity violence and culture.The methodology of my work pertains to a few anonymous interviews with representatives of two local bands which play successfully at a nearby club. Their phenomenal success and popularity inspired me to explore their perspectives on the postmodern era. The aim of this literature review is to discuss the issues and bands which will be discussed in the interviews in advance. The literature review was prepared after to interviews to become an aid to the understanding of the musician's concerns and perspectives. Post-modernism has cut off the present from all futures. The daily media add to this by cutting off the past. Which means that critical opinion is often orphaned in the present?† John Berger (English Painter, b.1926) This section addresses the definitional and historical premises behind postmodernism and its influence on modern music media. Visionaries like C. Wright Mills (1959) were looking ahead when they described the post-modern period as one where there would be a growth of the tertiary sector and the services industry would boom in the era of multinationals and a rise in capitalism.  

Noise Control; Radon; UV-Radiation (Case) Module 5 Essay

Noise Control; Radon; UV-Radiation (Case) Module 5 - Essay Example al human life but noises emitted by night clubs are not only disturbing long term exposure to loud music can lead to permanent damage to individual’s hearing (EPA, 2011). Long-term exposure to noises like that coming from nightclubs can cause major disorders such as NIHL (A condition in which the tiny hairs in ears are damaged, which then results in hearing loss, these tiny hairs once damaged cannot be repaired and cannot be replaced). In nightclubs the music is so loud that it causes the floor to shake and causes stiffness in the chests of people in the vicinity ("Noise pollution |," 2011). The music there if measured in decibels (units for measuring sound) reaches around 125, which is equivalent to a firearm being discharged. Being exposed to sharp and loud noises can cause some real damage to the auditory nerve, which can lead to permanent deafness it may also be accompanied by ringing, buzzing and also roaring in the head. Noise pollution can also have negative effects work and school lives. There is a strict restriction over night club near to residential blocks. Sounds that endanger the auditory nerve are strictly prohibited in the nightclubs. Moreover, a complaint from residential living near a night club producing high noise can shut it down. Radon is a noble gas. It is produced after the break down of uranium and thorium. It is also one of the densest substances that remain in gaseous form at room temperatures. Another special property of Radon is that it has radioactive isotopes, which emit high levels of radiations and are considered found to be very harmful for human health and are suspected to cause various diseases including cancer For a long time it has been established that there is a link between exposure to radioactive waves and the growth of cancerous cells in the human body .The most common type of cancer that is linked with exposure to Radon gas is perhaps lung cancer, which until very recently was thought of as a primary type of cancer

Effective Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Effective Market Hypothesis - Essay Example This format requires the changes in book value. This makes equal earnings after reducing dividends and provides the net of capital contribution. This relation according to Ohlson is a clean surplus relation as the changes in assets and liabilities are passed through the income statement. It is better to use this theory without connecting it to a user’s perspective on accounting data. The numerous methods followed in valuing derivative securities include valuing an option on a stock or index that can pay continuous dividends. The unfamiliar or foreign contracts will have no closed form of the solution. This needs Monte-Carlo simulation, numerical integration, analytical and series approximation. The probabilities of a jump process by Schwartz in 1998 are to underlie the diffusion process corresponding to the coefficients of the difference equation. The trinomial tree is termed as equivalent to the explicit finite difference. This generalized multinomial jump process equivalent to a complex implicit finite difference in approximation. The two-state lattice approaches have proved to be the powerful tool and can be used to value a wide variety of contingent claims. The standard binomial approach is generalized and was included in the main existing models as particular cases of the alternative approach. There are alternative analytical approximations for continuous time valuation like CRR model in case of the single state variable. The lattice approach in evaluating the option was based on a moment matching methodology. The introduction of the numerically optimized parameter the non-negativity of the risk-neutral probabilities was ensured. 11099995. In this manner, the book value of a particular year depends on the book value of the previous year and the expected discount of the present year. The book value may decrease if the expected dividend is more.

Marketing management - Emirates Airlines Assignment

Marketing management - Emirates Airlines - Assignment Example Emirates Airlines is one of the profitable airlines in the world. It is the world’s second most profitable airlines (Graham, Papatheodorou and Forsyth 157). However, it is vital to practice a proper marketing strategy for the sustainable position. The 7 Ps of marketing mix and the PLC is very much important. The CRM must be maintained, the loyal customers are the real buyers of the products in the long term basis. The airline industry is basically the hospitality industry and in this particular industry the customer relation is the most important marketing communication key. The traditional marketing mixes are very much important in most of cases and they are product, price, place and promotion. However, in case of service based industries the four Ps of traditional marketing Mixes are not enough. There are three more entities which are very much important and they are people, physical evidence and process. Among these people and process are the communicating entities which ar e very important for doing business. However the physical evidence is the most important for the product as the physical evidence give out the most important significance for the sales of the product. The emirates airline is among the top service providers in the airlines industry. The company is pretty much up market with the expected demand of the consumers. The hospitality industry is a very fragile industry. One mistake can create a lifelong bad impression for a particular product. So, in case of service oriented industry the customer relation management and the post sales services are pretty much important for a long term business relation with the existing customers. Marketing is the

Effective Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Effective Market Hypothesis - Essay Example This format requires the changes in book value. This makes equal earnings after reducing dividends and provides the net of capital contribution. This relation according to Ohlson is a clean surplus relation as the changes in assets and liabilities are passed through the income statement. It is better to use this theory without connecting it to a user’s perspective on accounting data. The numerous methods followed in valuing derivative securities include valuing an option on a stock or index that can pay continuous dividends. The unfamiliar or foreign contracts will have no closed form of the solution. This needs Monte-Carlo simulation, numerical integration, analytical and series approximation. The probabilities of a jump process by Schwartz in 1998 are to underlie the diffusion process corresponding to the coefficients of the difference equation. The trinomial tree is termed as equivalent to the explicit finite difference. This generalized multinomial jump process equivalent to a complex implicit finite difference in approximation. The two-state lattice approaches have proved to be the powerful tool and can be used to value a wide variety of contingent claims. The standard binomial approach is generalized and was included in the main existing models as particular cases of the alternative approach. There are alternative analytical approximations for continuous time valuation like CRR model in case of the single state variable. The lattice approach in evaluating the option was based on a moment matching methodology. The introduction of the numerically optimized parameter the non-negativity of the risk-neutral probabilities was ensured. 11099995. In this manner, the book value of a particular year depends on the book value of the previous year and the expected discount of the present year. The book value may decrease if the expected dividend is more.

Crisis Management and Communication in Organizations Essay Example for Free

Crisis Management and Communication in Organizations Essay 1. Introduction In the modern changing world a crisis can happen anywhere. It cannot be expected. And Effective Communication is really important when managing a crisis as one mistake done by the Organization can affect the whole Organization itself, its stakeholders and the Industry. It even could threaten public safety, the financial position of the organization and the reputation. It can lead to disruption of operation creating loss of market (W.T Coombs, 2007). That’s where communication comes in handy as lack of communication between the Society and the Organization can lead to distress, this is the where verbal and non verbal communication is really important. Referring to the case of Dominos pizza (New York Times ,2009), when two employs of the Dominos franchise in Conover, N.C, played a video prank with the food and putting the video on YouTube, the Management waited hoping that it will blow away and that is what went wrong. There was no news from them in the first 24 hrs. Instead of answering the queries of the consumers and the media they waited in the hope that it will cool down which never happened (New York Times, 2009). In a situation like this it’s really important to face the society and tell them what’s going on, should communicate with them verbally and non verbally or else the society will keep the image of the organization the way they want, good or bad. When in crisis after appointing a spokes person, it’s really important for the spokesperson to be calm and pleasant when confronting the media avoiding nervous habits ensuring the limit of disfluencies such as â€Å"umhs† or â€Å"uhs†, while avoiding fidgeting and pacing (W.T Coombs,2007). There is a good crisis example in 1993 â€Å"The Pepsi product tempering in 1993† (M.Hubbard,2006).They proved that effective communication in the Organization and effective crisis public relations campaign combining various strategies can rebound the hoax(M.Hubbard,2006). When dealing with media regarding a business crisis, it’s really important for the organization to stick to what they say if the statements given by the organization keeps on changing, dealing with the public relations will be a total disaster. They have to be very clear about what they say avoiding the statements which doesn’t make sense keeping it simple with limited information for the time being. 2. The Crisis 2.1. Communication Tactics It was clear in the case of Dominos pizza (New York Times, 2009) that management wasn’t aware of the situation unless a blogger alerted the Domino’s vice president of communications Tim McIntyre. There was no reaction from the management first as they didn’t want to alert more people to the story. And according to the Adage, a trade publication, Dominos response was late as in a situation like this the firm should be responsive to the crisis in the first 24 hrs and domino’s took 48 hrs to be fully responsive (R.Flandez, 2009). Just for the sake that more people might be alerted there was no issue of formal press release to mainstream press meanwhile the internal team was busy to form a strategy. After the management came to know of the videos they started to search for the two employs of dominos that were responsible for the videos with the help of bloggers and YouTube, and little that they realized that 70% of the conversation was going on Twitter and YouTube. As the Crisis began and most of the conversations were going on within the Social Networks from dominos they opened a twitter account to be responsive to the consumers and the society, even the President of the domino’s pizza Patrick Doyle appeared on a YouTube video and explained the present situation of Domino’s and that the store where the video was shot were closed and sanitized, for the efforts of Domino’s Richard Levick, President of the Levick Communications gives an â€Å"F† for the first 24 hrs and an â€Å"A† for the rest (R.Flandez,2009). By using the social Networks domino’s managed to handle the situation well. 2.2. Goods and Bads During the crisis, It could be clearly seen that even though Dominos was in a bad situation they didn’t jump on defending just because they might attract more people and they didn’t hold anything like a press conference, which wasn’t appropriate during that situation, but they did upload a video on YouTube and opened a twitter account to defend dominos and to tell people what was going on which was a good thing they did. The YouTube and twitter response was good but what about the older generation?, the people who are not on any of these but still a fan of dominos, they will only hear what people say considering there was no press conference or statement on TV which is a direct source of information to the Public. From dominos if they had got on TV they could have told the public as whole that they are working on the crisis and what they are doing about it. Even in the YouTube video the president of Dominos pizza Patrick Doyle stated that the store where the video shot was taken by the pranksters was closed and sanitized (R.Flandez,2009),they could have invited the Media ( TV stations and reporters) to witness the process. Even though the two employs of Dominos were fired after the video they could have managed to get a live statement of what actually happened and why they did it. It could have given extra support to prove the innocence of the whole organization. In the case of Pepsi-Cola in 1993(M.Hubbard,2006) when a man in Tacoma, Washington claimed that he had found a syringe in a can of diet Pepsi, the story started spreading like wild fire in the country more claims started arising. Pepsi-Cola announced that they will pursue legal action against anyone making false claims and started work on proving the innocence of Pepsi-Cola, and the claims did turn out to be a hoax. The president of Pepsi Craig Weatherup made appearances on TV and gave statements on radio. They even brought in cameras to the Pepsi bottling plant to show the bottling process and proved that there is no way that a foreign object could be inserted in to bottle or can before its sealed(M.Hubbard,2006), which is a very good example of communication in crisis. Dominos did make mistakes but they still managed the situation at a time there was no Social media plat forms or strategy in the Organization (M.Agnes, 2012) 3. Recommendations After the incident took place on 13th April 2009.a study conducted by HCD Research found 65% of respondents who were daily customers hesitates to do so after watching the offending video(R.Flandez,2009). Recommendations are many for this kind of situations. Like they could have prepared a communication list of reporters investors and customers, business partners and advisors and give to an official statement instead of waiting without any actions like in the dominos case and also admitting that there is a problem helps to move on with the others steps of the process to overcome the crisis(M.Nowlan, 2006).Many companies give out the phrase â€Å" no comment† and that is not the best thing to do as the public will conclude the situation making the Company guilty. And also respond to the situation as quickly as possible (M.Nowlan, 2006). 4.Conclusion As Effective communication plays a major role in the business organization it’s really important for the organizations to be ready for what might come for them. As one single mistake made by them at a time of crisis can lead to a loss which would be difficult to get over. As in the case of Dominos they were nearly out of business, there was couple of things which could have been done from the company side which were neglected in communicating the public. It’s important to take action internally but considering the company to be a service provider, issues will rise in a speed that no human can expect it that way. Let this case be a lesson to all the service providers to improve their image for the future.

Disadvantages In Regard To Leisure Choices Sociology Essay

Disadvantages In Regard To Leisure Choices Sociology Essay Taking a thorough assessment of the society we live in, it is evident that women are in many ways disadvantaged as regards leisure choice compared to men. Leisure is itself seen as a psychological experience of enjoyment and satisfaction which occurs within the framework of time or activity. Leisure includes things like watching television, participating in sports, meeting friends, engaging in hobbies and going to events (Doughty, 2010). It requires plenty of time and psychological fitness for one have the best of it. Women are the most disadvantaged due to various constraints they encounter in society. Womens access to free time and leisure opportunities are controlled by such factors as their work and domestic situation, their low income level together with age and ethnic group. These constraints may include structural factors such as family obligations, financial resources, weather factors and work time (Shaw 1994). In most societies, it is normally regarded as womens duty to take care of the family as well as looking after children. As far as these constraining factors have assisted in understanding leisure participation among women, further adjustments can be reached through specific examination of their sub-groups. This is because the constraints are different to the various categories of women basing on their ages. For instance, girls between the age of fifteen and below have limited access to leisure activities since they have restricted time to engage in recreational activities (Kiefer, 2004). They face such constraints as lack of knowledge, lack of accessibility to recreational facilities as influenced by their parents, lack of interest in various recreational facilities and lack of partners (Rehman et al., 2003). At this age, girls are still in school and do not have time to engage in those activities as tourism except during holidays where they can move around the world with their families, but for a very short period of time. Everything they do is influenced by their parents and it is usually difficult for them to decide for themselves. These girls may not necessarily be affected by those limitations such as the interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints since they are still young and have nothing to worry about. They engage in sporting activities in school as part of the co-curricular activities of any school which may not be regarded as leisure (Young people at Play, n.d.). Their weak physical situations discourage them from getting actively involved sports events. These girls are not affected by financial constraints since they are young and all their needs are met by their parents. However, their participation may depend on their cultural background, that is, race and ethnicity play an important role in determining a familys influence on childrens leisure. For example, those from the developing countries grow in hardship where there is hardly any money to take them to school. Therefore, they only resort in dropping out of school and engage in child labor to earn living for their parents and thus have no time for leisure or time to involve themselves in any recreational activities (Shaw 1994). In addition, girls from these developing countries such as in Africa and Asia do not have role models who can motivate them to engage in sporting activities such as football, athletics, volleyball etc. At the same time, their families cannot afford to take them around the world as tourists since they do not have enough money to cater for it. Those from Western countries are a bit different because their parents have the financial strength to finance their education and hav e role models in the society who encourage them to involve themselves in sports. Some are even motivated to engage in music activities, for example, in the US where some girls become superstars at very tender ages. All in all, these girls are more dependent on parental consent and support for recreational activities. On the other hand, young single ladies mostly of the age between 15 and 25 years have different experiences on leisure, sports and other recreational activities. At this age they can easily make mature independent decisions and they therefore face peculiar constraints as regards to their leisure involvement. Based on their perception of sporting activities, these women highly suffer from the limitations of low self-esteem and lack the belief that they may be talented or competent in any recreational activities (Goliath, 2002). Most of these women have just finished school and still looking for employment and therefore have high financial problems. This renders them unable to get involved in both leisure and recreational activities without the help of their parents. The constraints may also depend on the cultural background. Women from poverty stricken countries such as the developing countries experience those intrapersonal constraints such as stress, family attitudes and personal ev aluations of the appropriateness of an activity (Goliath, 2002). Since these women may not have acquired the appropriate education as a result of their background, they may end up engaging themselves in activities such as prostitution and other criminal activities. As a result, they have no time for leisure, sports and other recreational activities. Additionally, they do not have the financial ability to visit other countries as tourists. Various interpersonal constraints such as relationships with others and the ability to find partners as well as the influence of family obligations also affect their leisure involvement. As a result of the societal stress, these women do not have the time enjoy recreational activities with their peers. In addition, they lack role models in the society who may encourage them to engage in productive activities and they therefore end up living desperately. Though women are normally strong physically at this age, inadequate education and lack of awareness about the benefits of participating in sports has been the main reason they never involve themselves. As a result, physical education is often not admired among the females in school (Goliath 2002). Young women aged between 15 and 25 years from developed countries also experience intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints as regards their leisure involvement. These Western women have the constraints such as those of structural factors including financial resources and work time constraints. Those who have jobs do not have time for leisure and recreational activities and hardly get time to engage in sports. Those who do not have jobs have financial problems as well as low esteem and they do not have trust in themselves hence they cannot get involved in leisure activities. As far as sport is concerned, many governments have not taken the initiative to persuade women to participate. They have had less concern in terms providing sponsorship, coverage in media, awareness and the provision of opportunities for women in sport as compared to their male counterparts (Goliath, 2002). Some sports disciplines such as football is far widely considered to be for men yet some women have shown to be as equally talented in it. Furthermore, women with children have different limitations concerning their time for leisure. Some of the women in this category have limited time, money as well as limited access to leisure facilities. Most of these women are married and are mostly disadvantaged with regard to time for leisure. Women with children are normally held by household obligations and family commitments such as child care together with economic constraints (Borg Clark, n.d.). Due to male chauvinism in most societies, many women earn very little incomes which and this has proven to be constraining on their lives as well as on their leisure lives. Women who are employed are said to experience a double shift to their household obligations hence have no time for leisure participation as compared to their male counterparts (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). However, leisure, recreational activities, and sport have different implications depending on the cultural background of women. Those from poor backgrounds have limited access to leisure activities and are mostly unemployed since job opportunities are rare. Most of their time is spent taking care of children and farming so as to sustain their families. It is usually very hard for them to think about touring other countries or engage in any recreational activities due to financial constraints. They are highly constrained by societal stress and have very low esteem to even think of participating in any sporting activities and they not only have little time for themselves, but they also never feel that they have a right to leisure for themselves (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). Other women fear for violence especially in those leisure settings far from home. At times, they regard taking care of their families as their prime duty since most of their husbands are jobless and never ca re about them. Similarly, women with children from developed countries have little time for leisure and other recreational activities such as sports and tourism. Those who have jobs have are the ones said to have double shift, that is, have little time for leisure because they need to balance the time they spend with their family and that spend in work. These women spend much of their time either in job or at home. Most of them make use of computer-based technology for leisure designed to make them busy such as the internet and believe that time spent or even activities pursued with family are the most important (Kramarae Spender, 2000). In most cases, especially at times when they are free from work, most women wish to recreate around the world together with their families but their children prevent them. This is because children are usually cumbersome to travel with. Generally, women with children are usually unwilling to get involved in sporting activities. They only take part in body fitting exercises such as jogging in the mornings. Most of them think they cannot manage to participate in sports activities such as athletics, football etc. and regard nurturing their children as their key role in the society. They only watch their favorite soccer teams or even basketball teams on televisions during their free moments on weekends. The type of profession a woman is in may also act as a constraint to her leisure life. Nurses for example have the ethic of care in their minds all the time which is connected to the lack of a sense of right to leisure (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). Women who are single parents and do not high paying jobs mostly encounter financial constraints which is normally constraining to life in general and to their leisure lives as well. This is due to the fact that they have to cater for the basic needs of their children. By meeting food, shelter, clothing and educational expenses for the children, the amounts that remain may be too little to cater for recreational activities. Old women have various constraints to leisure participation as well. Their participation in various recreational activities is highly influenced by health related problems, poor performance quality and lack of companions (Leitner Leitner, 2004). In general, older people are said to suffer from health problems more than young people. Particular health problems limit participation in specific leisure activities (Women Sports and Fitness Foundation, n.d.). Older women with sight problems cannot freely engage in activities such as tourism, exercises and other recreational activities that include work. Research has shown that older women like to engage more in inactive recreation such as watching television, listening to radio and reading newspapers rather than participate in active forms of recreation (Leitner Leitner, 2004). This is due to the fear that they may get injuries resulting to their children putting them in nursing homes. Moreover, older women are seen to be economically di sadvantaged and also tend to have more household and family obligations which make them have less free time to take part in leisure activities. Most of them like stay at home and take care of their grandchildren. These actions of care giving reduce their leisure activities due to lack of time, tiredness, and other intrapersonal constraints such as stress (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Older women leisure involvement is also influenced by attitude (Henderson Bialeschki, 1990). These women only participate in those leisure activities which they consider as meaningful to them (Greer, 2006). Some leisure activities that are taken as being for fun but have no purpose are highly ridiculed by the elderly women. Most of these aged women view their old age negatively and have a feeling that they should not be involved in recreational and leisure activities because they think that people their age should not have leisure anymore (Leitner Leitner, 2004). At their old ages, they have lost taste for most of the recreational activities such as swimming and look upon them as for the young and strong people. As regards to sporting activities, aged women are incapable of participating actively and can only watch on televisions since most of them have health related problems. The level to which aged women are disadvantaged with respect to leisure involvement may also depend on their cultural background. Majority of women from developing countries spend most of their time taking care of their grandchildren and never have time to involve themselves in recreational activities (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Most of them remain within their homesteads all day and have never visited a foreign country and even never think of activities like tourism. They do not even think of having leisure as their right and are most of the times stressed as a result of their children dropping out of school, lack of food due to drought etc. Most of the developing countries are faced with the problem of diseases and therefore a big number of the aged women have health complications hence they can hardly participate in any leisure or sports activities (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Older women from developed countries are quite different from their counterparts on how they perceive these recreational activities. As for them, they may like to tour other countries but factors such as health related problems, family commitments, among others hold them back (Leitner Leitner, 2004). This is because they are unable get involved in those recreational events like mountain-climbing, skiing and skating. They have leisure by watching televisions and reading magazines unlike those from developing countries who are mostly too illiterate to read newspapers and have little access or interest in television. Their lack of leisure involvement is mainly affected by attitude. This is shown by the fact that they ignore some recreational activities that do not add value to their lives at those old ages. Most of them like sports events though their weak health may not be in a position to withstand them. Consequently, they follow these events on televisions or go to the venues where sports activities are held accompanied by other family members such as their grandchildren. Though some women are good in sports, they never get the recognition they deserve (Stavropoulou, 2008). Some sports such as rugby and football are regarded as mens and women who shine in them get very little or no attention at all (Goliath, 2002). Governments can increase women participation in sports by encouraging wider media representation and giving rewards to the best personalities in the various sport categories. By doing so, young women will be encouraged to participate in sports regardless of their cultural backgrounds and earn money for themselves which may in turn increase their leisure participation. In conclusion, it is evident that women are the most disadvantaged when it comes to leisure participation as compared to men. It has been seen that their lack of sports involvement is as a result of poor attention by most governments and the notion that most sports disciplines are better suited for men. However, it is clear that their access to recreational facilities is mainly influenced by factors such as time availability, household and family obligations, financial stability and cultural background. Women have also been found to be constrained differently depending on their ages.