Slimaxes or anticlimaxes in Enduring Love Essay

Another peak starts toward the finish of section 21 with a call among Jed and Joe â€Å"I’m putting her on, OK? Is it true that you are there? Joe? Are you there?† Here McEwan utilizes juxtaposition of starting an occasion inside the conventional conclusion of a section. The impact of this adds anticipation to the novel all in all as it wills the peruser to follow the chain of occasions. Likewise, the terrified exchange of â€Å"Are you there? Joe? Are you there?† uplifts the peak by leaving it uncertain. McEwan consistently references â€Å"sweat† in section 22 demonstrating the physical effort in every one of the characters â€Å"sweat was beading on his forehead† delineates the strain between Jed, Joe and Clarissa. Each reference to perspire made by McEwan uncovers an inconspicuous increment in the volume, starting with â€Å"beading† finishing with â€Å"rolling off Parry†. This is intelligent of the pressure of the peak as it fabr icates up.Clarissa is given a voice in this section which shows how scared she is yet additionally uncovers increasingly about Joe’s character. The tale is told through the story point of view of Joe Rose, accordingly Clarissa’s exchange is heavily influenced by him implying that Joe is in full control of her voice and can direct how the peruser sees her. Her little voice uncovers that Joe sees her in as defenseless. This depicts to the peruser, Clarissa as a survivor of both the circumstance and the account, making compassion toward her inside the peak. This is noteworthy becauseit adds a substitute point of view to the novel. The compassion made here is later stressed in part 23 in which Clarissa at long last gets an undistorted voice.McEwan ceaselessly utilizes sense in chapter22 which makes the scene progressively sensational adding to the peak and is infers a surge of adrenaline which uplifts the faculties. The portrayal â€Å"she was still, yet waves of muscle and ligament at the base of her neck proposed that she was coiled† â€Å"I could hear my heart under my shirt† adds to the pressure of the section which makes this specific peak noteworthy as it makes a distinctive picture for the peruser. The greater part of McEwan’s depiction rotates around strain, of the circumstance, of muscles; this in this manner constructs pressure inside the peruser, adding to the expectation of the peak. As the novel attracts to a close,McEwan at long last frees the riddle from Jed Parry’s nature. This is noteworthy to the peak as it drastically changes the reader’sperspective on Jed, and maybe the whole of the novel. In Chapter 22, Jed is uncovered to be an innocuous soul, not in the slightest degree a treat. All Jed needs is absolution from Joe â€Å"please pardon me, Joe, for what I did yesterday† which in a manner goes about as a let-down as the novel devel ops Jed to be a destructive man with a vendetta,yet in fact, all he needs is absolution. Joe is tenacious on playing the saint, yet is depicted as being frozen of utilizing a weapon. Clarissa doesn’t appear to be satisfied that Joe needed to play the saint, nor does she consider him to be a legend which dulls the impact of the peak. Additionally Joeâ seems to play the wannabe and Jed, the counter fear based oppressor. This is critical to the novel as it is compared to the cliché spine chiller/romancewhich the novelâ partially points towards.

Biography of Christopher Columbus

Account of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was a Genoese guide and pioneer. In the late fifteenth century, Columbus accepted that it is conceivable to arrive at the rewarding markets of eastern Asia by traveling west, rather than the conventional course which went east around Africa. He persuaded Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to help him, and he set off in August of 1492. The rest is history: Columbus found the Americas, which had been obscure up to that point. All things considered, Columbus made four unique excursions to the New World. Early Life Columbus was destined to a working class group of weavers in Genoa (presently part of Italy) which was a city notable for voyagers. He once in a while discussed his folks. It is accepted that he was embarrassed to have originated from such a commonplace foundation. He left a sister and a sibling behind in Italy. His different siblings, Bartholomew and Diego, would go with him on the majority of his movements. As a youngster he voyaged widely, visiting Africa and the Mediterranean and figuring out how to cruise and explore. Appearance and Personal Habits Columbus was tall and lean, and had red hair which turned rashly white. He had a reasonable appearance and a to some degree ruddy face, with blue eyes and a hawkish nose. He communicated in Spanish smoothly however with a complement which was hard for individuals to put. In his own propensities he was very strict and to some degree pedantic. He infrequently swore, went to mass normally, and frequently dedicated his Sundays totally to petition. Sometime down the road, his strictness would increment. He took to wearing the basic robe of a shoeless minister around court. He was an intense millenarist, accepting that the apocalypse was close. Individual Life Columbus wedded a Portuguese lady, Felipa Moniz Perestrelo, in 1477. She originated from a semi-respectable family with helpful sea associations. She passed on bringing forth a child, Diego, in 1479 or 1480. In 1485, while in Cã ³rdoba, he met youthful Beatriz Enrã ­quez de Trasierra, and they lived respectively for a period. She bore him an ill-conceived child, Fernando. Columbus made numerous companions during his movements and he related with them every now and again. His companions included dukes and other aristocrats just as incredible Italian shippers. These companionships would demonstrate valuable during his continuous hardships and episodes of misfortune. A Journey West Columbus may have thought about cruising west to arrive at Asia as right on time as 1481 because of his correspondence with an Italian researcher, Paolo del Pozzo Toscaneli, who persuaded him it was conceivable. In 1484, Columbus made a pitch to King Joo of Portugal, who turned him down. Columbus continued to Spain, where he originally proposed such an outing in January of 1486. Ferdinand and Isabella were charmed, however they were busy with the reconquest of Granada. They advised Columbus to pause. In 1492, Columbus had pretty much surrendered (indeed, he was en route to see the King of France) when they chose to support his outing. First Voyage Columbus’ first journey started on August 3, 1492. He had been given three ships: the Niã ±a, the Pinta and the lead Santa Maria. They traveled west and on October 12, mariner Rodrigo de Triana spotted land. They initially arrived on an island Columbus named San Salvador: there is some discussion today with respect to which Caribbean island it was. Columbus and his boats visited a few different islands including Cuba and Hispaniola. On December 25, the Santa Maria steered into the rocks and they had to desert her. Thirty-nine men were deserted at the settlement of La Navidad. Columbus came back to Spain in March of 1493. Second Voyage In spite of the fact that from numerous points of view the principal journey was a failureâ€Columbus lost his greatest boat and didn't discover the guaranteed course westâ€the Spanish rulers were fascinated with his disclosures. They financed a subsequent journey, whose design was to set up a perpetual state. 17 boats and more than 1,000 men set sail in October, 1493. At the point when they came back to La Navidad, they found that everybody had been murdered by furious locals. They established the city of Santo Domingo with Columbus in control, however he had to come back to Spain in March of 1496 to acquire supplies to keep the destitute settlement alive. Third Voyage Columbus came back to the New World in May of 1498. He sent portion of his armada to resupply Santo Domingo and set off to investigate, inevitably arriving at the north-eastern piece of South America. He came back to Hispaniola and continued his obligations as representative, however the individuals detested him. He and his siblings were terrible managers and kept a significant part of the little riches created by the settlement for themselves. At the point when the emergency arrived at a pinnacle, Columbus sent to Spain for help. The crown sent Francisco de Bobadilla as senator: he before long recognized Columbus as the issue and sent him and his siblings back to Spain in chains in 1500. Fourth Voyage As of now in his fifties, Columbus felt he had one more excursion in him. He persuaded the Spanish crown to fund one more excursion of revelation. Despite the fact that Columbus had demonstrated a poor representative, there was no questioning his cruising and disclosure abilities. He left in May of 1502 and showed up to Hispaniola only in front of a significant tropical storm. He sent an admonition to the 28-transport armada going to withdraw for Spain to defer yet they disregarded him, and 24 of the boats were lost. Columbus investigated a greater amount of the Caribbean and part of Central America before his boats decayed. He went through a year on Jamaica before being saved. He came back to Spain in 1504. Heritage of Christopher Columbus Columbus’ heritage can be hard to sift through. For a long time, he was thought to have been the man who â€Å"discovered† America. Current students of history accept that the principal Europeans to the New World were Nordic and shown up a few hundred years before Columbus toward the northern shores of North America. Likewise, numerous Native Americans from Alaska to Chile debate the thought that the Americas should have been â€Å"discovered† in any case, as the two landmasses were home to a great many individuals and innumerable societies in 1492. Columbus’ achievements ought to be considered related to his disappointments. The â€Å"discovery† of America would unquestionably include occurred inside 50 years of 1492 had Columbus not wandered west when he did. Advances in route and boat development reached between the sides of the equator unavoidable. Columbus’ thought processes were generally fiscal, with religion a nearby second. At the point when he neglected to discover gold or a worthwhile exchange course, he started gathering slaves: he accepted that a trans-Atlantic slave exchange would be very rewarding. Luckily, the Spanish rulers prohibited this, yet at the same time, numerous Native American gatherings effectively recall Columbus as the New World’s first slave master. Columbus’ adventures were regularly disappointments. He lost the Santa Marã ­a on his first journey, his first settlement was slaughtered, he was a horrible senator, he was captured by his own homesteaders, and on his fourth and last journey he figured out how to abandon somewhere in the range of 200 men on Jamaica for a year. Maybe his biggest disappointment was his powerlessness to perceive what was directly before him: the New World. Columbus never acknowledged that he had not discovered Asia, in any event, when the remainder of Europe was persuaded that the Americas were something beforehand obscure. Columbus’ inheritance was once very brightâ€he was considered for sainthood at one timeâ€but now he is recognized as much for the awful as the great. Numerous spots despite everything bear his name and Columbus Day is as yet celebrated, yet he is by and by a man and not a legend. Sources: Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Thomas, Hugh. Streams of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2005.

An Open Letter to First Year Students

An Open Letter to First Year Students Here is an open letter to new students entering their first year Here is an open letter to new students entering their first year Dear First Year Student, Congratulations! If you’re reading this, it means you’re about to take your first steps into the world of post-secondary education. Whether you’ve been dreaming of college or university since before you can remember, or you just chose a school and program on a whim, this is an exciting time that will be filled with many firsts. With new experiences comes new anxieties; unfamiliar settings can bring along many uncertainties which may leave you with feelings of doubt. Although this may be overwhelming, please do not fret â€" this is completely normal! Like you, other first-year students have the same questions: Where is my next class? Who will I connect with if I need help? Will anyone want to be friends with me? While we cannot offer a one-size-fits-all answer, we can say this: everything will work out the way it’s supposed to. We’ve all been there, and this transition that you are about to experience will be life-changing. University and college is a stepping stone into adulthood. While this may seem scary, it is actually very freeing. You are finally responsible and accountable for your own decisions that you get to make without needing to ask for permission. No curfew, no constant nagging, and no one to answer to. At the same time, this means you need to consider all consequences for your actions which should come naturally once you’ve gotten into the swing of things. Finally, you get to live life the way you choose to. This means your attitude goes a long way as well. While there are thousands of students on campus, you tend to see the same faces on a regular basis â€" after all, you’re going to the same classes at the same time every single week. With this in mind, it is crucial to treat every interaction in a kind and considerate way. This will help you form connections and friendships with classmates. Whether you need a favour one day such as someone sending you their class notes, or if you have an actual emergency you need help with, these interactions will determine who has your back. First and foremost, you’re beginning your post-secondary education in the hopes of just that â€" getting educated! Classes will be thought-provoking, deadlines will be firm, and projects will be intense. At times, you will likely be overwhelmed but don’t worry â€" with the guidance you can receive from your academic advisor, the feedback you will gain from your teaching assistants, and any assignment help you may need from us, you will be well on your way to earning your degree or diploma, just like you intend to! After all, we’ve been there before, and now it is your turn. Yours Truly, The Homework Help Global Team References: Biali, S. (2012, January 17). How to Manage the Anxiety That Comes With Change. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from how-manage-the-anxiety-comes-change An Open Letter to First Year Students Here is an open letter to new students entering their first year Here is an open letter to new students entering their first year Dear First Year Student, Congratulations! If you’re reading this, it means you’re about to take your first steps into the world of post-secondary education. Whether you’ve been dreaming of college or university since before you can remember, or you just chose a school and program on a whim, this is an exciting time that will be filled with many firsts. With new experiences comes new anxieties; unfamiliar settings can bring along many uncertainties which may leave you with feelings of doubt. Although this may be overwhelming, please do not fret â€" this is completely normal! Like you, other first-year students have the same questions: Where is my next class? Who will I connect with if I need help? Will anyone want to be friends with me? While we cannot offer a one-size-fits-all answer, we can say this: everything will work out the way it’s supposed to. We’ve all been there, and this transition that you are about to experience will be life-changing. University and college is a stepping stone into adulthood. While this may seem scary, it is actually very freeing. You are finally responsible and accountable for your own decisions that you get to make without needing to ask for permission. No curfew, no constant nagging, and no one to answer to. At the same time, this means you need to consider all consequences for your actions which should come naturally once you’ve gotten into the swing of things. Finally, you get to live life the way you choose to. This means your attitude goes a long way as well. While there are thousands of students on campus, you tend to see the same faces on a regular basis â€" after all, you’re going to the same classes at the same time every single week. With this in mind, it is crucial to treat every interaction in a kind and considerate way. This will help you form connections and friendships with classmates. Whether you need a favour one day such as someone sending you their class notes, or if you have an actual emergency you need help with, these interactions will determine who has your back. First and foremost, you’re beginning your post-secondary education in the hopes of just that â€" getting educated! Classes will be thought-provoking, deadlines will be firm, and projects will be intense. At times, you will likely be overwhelmed but don’t worry â€" with the guidance you can receive from your academic advisor, the feedback you will gain from your teaching assistants, and any assignment help you may need from us, you will be well on your way to earning your degree or diploma, just like you intend to! After all, we’ve been there before, and now it is your turn. Yours Truly, The Homework Help Global Team References: Biali, S. (2012, January 17). How to Manage the Anxiety That Comes With Change. Retrieved August 27, 2017, from how-manage-the-anxiety-comes-change

Manifest Destiny vs Native American Culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1825 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Manifest Destiny Essay Did you like this example? Imagine being forced out of a place that you and your ancestors had considered home for thousands of years, having promises broken, being forced to act like the people taking your culture away from you, or being forced on to the smallest fractions of land with little resources to go around. For Native American tribes such as the Cherokee, Dakota, Chickasaw, and many others, this was the reality their culture faced, because of the belief of Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was a term essentially used to justify any actions done during the western expansion under the name of God. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Manifest Destiny vs Native American Culture" essay for you Create order Some believe that Manifest Destiny does not justify the treatment of these Native American tribes, while others think that Manifest Destiny justifies the acts of the settlers because it helped to make the United States a very powerful country. Manifest Destiny was an excuse to take land away from areas that already were occupied, therefore, Manifest destiny does not justify the treatment of Native Americans because manipulated Native Americans and broke treaties, they killed thousands of innocent people, and they forced Native Americans to assimilate to the culture of the settlers. Manifest Destiny was a term used from 1812-1860 and was a belief of United States settlers that they were destined to move across North America. The term was also used to rationalize the removal of American Indians from their native homelands(SAAM-Manifest Destiny and Indian removal pdf). In 1803 the United States bought land from France, stemming from the Mississippi River to the Rockey Mountains, also known as the Louisiana Purchase. As the settlers started moving westward, they started to promote some concern of the Natives that were living in the west. To these white settlers, these Indian tribes were standing in the way of progress and Americas Manifest Destiny (SAAM Manifest Destiny and Indian removal pdf). The white settlers also found the Native culture as inferior and believed they had outdated traditions. In 1830, Andrew Jackson inforced the Indian Removal Act which forced Native Americans to migrate away from the land of their ancestors or to assimilate to American cultur e. In return for the land, the United States gave them small pieces of land, reservations, and agreed to supply them with food and money and clothing for these tribes to survive but these expectations were never met, and thousands of Native Americans started to die. In efforts to remove the Native Americans off their land, the United States fought battles, signed treaties and used force migration. The Trail of Tears is one of the historically forced migrations during the time of Manifest Destiny. The Natives were forcefully removed from their land and were sent to the designated places for the Natives; however the supplies promised were never given to them, so many died from disease as well as starvation, an estimated 100,000 of them died throughout forced migration. (SAAM- Manifest destiny pdf). As for the Natives that tried to assimilate to the culture, their children were sent to boarding schools. The schools attempt to remove and Native cultural traits, even going as far to try to make them look like white settlers. In Minnesota the Dakota war was fought after numerous broken treaties from the United States Government, the people were forced into internment and the aftermath of the war resulted in 300 men being sentence as well as 38 executed which was the largest single execution day in American history. (University of Minnesota- holocaust and genocide studies- Dakota war 1862). For most of the United States, the settlers and government [were] willing to do almost anything for the sake of Manifest Destiny (Frontier America- Sara McGill). The actions carried out throughout Manifest Destiny, were justified by the fact that God wanted them to, and it was necessary to make America a powerful country and North America democratic, and forcing the Native Americans off their land was for their well being. The belief in God wanting them to move westward was the main component for the justification of their expansion westward. Most settlers believed that God, blessed the growth of the American Nation and even demanded them to actively work on it,(HistoryNet- Manifest Destiny) and that even a spirit would guide them westward. During this time period many people would follow anything that God told them to do in fear of going to hell or sinning. The idea that God supported the removal of Indians and wanted to them to move westward would make people want to do these thing s. However if God encouraged them to move westward, it could have been achieved without harming thousands of innocent people. The United States also had important reasons on why they would need to expand westward. The United States government wanted these new lands to, strengthen national security, to spread liberty and democracy, to access more trade routes, and to have access to the Pacific Ocean(Vicky Nyoonyoon- Prezi- Manifest Destiny). These all were valid reasons to want to move westward because if the idea of Manifest Destiny never came about, America could have just been the original 13 colonies. The United States also would have suffered more diseases from over crouding in the urban cities which would have resulted in their culture not surviving. However, it does not justify the treatment of Native Americans. There were better ways of going about it rather than killing them or lying to them. The United States in this situation was looking out for the well being of their cou ntry and were oblivious to the fact that they killed off a nearly whole culture, which is why the idea of Manifest Destiny comes into play. This term changed the mindset of the settlers but a new mindset does not justify a genocide. The United States also thought that it was for the best interest of the tribes to move off the land because they wouldnt be able to assimilate into our culture. These beliefs under Manifest Destiny were all used to justify something that they knew was wrong. Had the United States wanted to help the Native Tribes, they would have done more then let most of them die out. Manifest Destiny was an excuse to take land away from areas that already were occupied, and therefore does not justify the treatment of Native Americans because the United States, manipulated and broke treaties, they killed thousands of innocent people, and they forced Native Americans to assimilate to the culture of the settlers. In efforts to try to get land from the Native Americans, they created treaties where the Natives would give up hunting rights or parts of land in return for cash payment. Many tribes agreed to these cash payments because of the ultimatums were given. Everything they used to get them to sign treaties, I think was illegal in a lot of ways browbeating , brainwashing, and then on the other hand telling them If you sign this treaty, youre not going to ever have to work or hunt again; well take care of you Everthing will be provided. Every year youll get so much money to buy your needs, your pots and pans, but well also have food coming in every month, or once a year for you. The alternative is Were going to drive you all the way to the Rockey Moutains where youre going to starve to death and well never have to worry About you again'[] Dr. Elden Lawrence- Us-Dakota war (treaties) These ultimatums that were given almost seemed like it was the obvious choice until they were signed and the food never came, or the money was never given to them. The United States government within the unfulfillment of theses treaties killed hundreds of people, by leaving them starving. They also killed hundreds of people through forced migration. The Cherokee tribe traded with the United States government for new land and From 1838 to 1839 the army rounded up 13,000 Cherokees and forced them to relocate to present-day Oklahoma, about 1,000 miles away. Thousands of Cherokees died from the forced march, which became known as the Trail of Tears (Kathiann Kowalski- False Promises). The Trail of Tears involved thousands of innocent Natives dying from disease and starvation while not being given the necessities to survive throughout the journey. As for the Natives that did not want to move and wanted to assimilate into the culture, they sent children away to boarding schools. At these s chools, School Administrators assigned new names to the students. They gave them western style clothing to wear and unfamiliar foods to eat. Long hair which was admired in native families was forbidden at the schools, Teaches and administration punished children for speaking their Native language or for practicing Native traditions or celebrations,( Pauline Bickford- Daune page 1). These schools restricted carrying on cultural traditions from American Indians and forced white settler beliefs on children. The way the settlers and United States government treated these people cannot be justified by a term that promotes westward expansion. The United States may have wanted more land, but they also wanted Native Americans out of the picture because had they just wanted the land, they would have also tried to help the NAtives and give them conditions that they can survive in. Manifest Destiny was an excuse to take land away from areas that already were occupied, therefore, Manifest destiny does not justify the treatment of Native Americans because, manipulated and broke treaties, they killed thousands of innocent people, and they forced Native Americans to assimilate to the culture of the settlers. The belief of Manifest Destiny may have had a lot to offer the United States, but in no way does it justify the removal of nearly a whole culture. The land taken from the Native Americans could have been obtained without killing off a culture, or lying to them about what was being offered. Being intrested in only the well being of the new settlers doesnt justify what the United States did to ther cultures that had lived on the land hundreds to thousands of years before the United States came to be. Bibliography Americanexperience.si.edu. (2018). Manifest Destiny and Indian Removal. [online] Available at: https://americanexperience.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Manifest-Destiny-and-Indian-Removal.pdf Bickford-Duane, P. (2015). DESTROYING a Culture. Cobblestone, 36(1), 17. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ulhAN=100046638site=ehost-live The Dakota War of 1862. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2018, from https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/dakota-war-1862 Dugley, W. G. (n.d.). Manifest Destiny. Retrieved December 16, 2018, from https://www.historynet.com/manifest-destiny Kowalski, K. M. (2015). False Promises. Cobblestone, 36(1), 2. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ulhAN=100046632site=ehost-live McGill, S. A. (2017). Frontier America. Frontier America, 1. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ulhAN=17908152site=ehost-live Minnesota Historical Society (Ed.). (n.d.). Treaties. Retrieved December 16, 2018, from https://www.usdakotawar.org/history/treaties Nyoonyoon, V. (2015, April 29). How did America justify Manifest Destiny? Retrieved December 16, 2018, from https://prezi.com/m8mydciydtgq/how-did-america-justify-manifest-destiny/

Essay on Components of the Criminal Justice System

Components of the Criminal Justice System Abstract Components of the criminal justice system include the police, the court system and correctional agencies. The definition, the function and examples of each component of the American criminal justice system will be described. The criminal procedure and the processing of offenders will also be described in details. Components of the Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system consists of three main components. Those components are polices, courts, and corrections. Each component will be defined according to the American criminal justice system. The primary function of each component will also be identified and two examples of each component will be given. The ultimate†¦show more content†¦What is the court system? What is the function of the court system? The court system is the system where offenders are sentence for committing their crime. The function of the court system is to issue punishment to criminals and ensure proper sentencing is given for crimes. Examples of the court system are â€Å"Judge Judy† and â€Å"Judge Mathis†. The images that â€Å"Judge Judy† and â€Å"Judge Mathis† present are positive images. The stage that â€Å"Judge Judy† and â€Å"Judge Mathis† depict in the criminal justices system are where the judge hear s the arguments of the case at hand, the judge hears both the plaintiff and defendant, and then the judge makes a decision on the case for which evidence was presented in front of them. I think this a fair representation of the criminal justice procedure. Having been chosen to be a juror on the grand jury, I know that the procedures listed above are how the court system operates in Georgia. What is the corrections part of the criminal justice system? What is the function? When one thinks of the correctional part of the criminal justice system, one thinks of the jail and prison. The functions of the correctional institutions are to house criminals until they go to court and to house inmates until their sentence is complete. When an offender goes to prison, this is the lastShow MoreRelatedComponents Of The Criminal Justice System Essay2014 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: COMPONENTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1 Components of the Criminal Justice System Bradley Gibson University of Central Washington COMPONENTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 2 Abstract This paper explores how law enforcement, courts, and corrections work together to form the criminal justice system. More importantly this paper explains the duties of each subsystem and howRead MoreThe Components Of The Criminal Justice System1437 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the purpose and explain the components of the criminal justice system? The purpose of the criminal justice system is to deliver a fair justice system for the public, by punishing all who doesn’t follow the rules or commit a crime, while protecting the innocent. There are three components to the criminal justice system theses are: law enforcement, Corrections and Courts. When a person has committed a crime they go throughout these three components. First is the law enforcement; law enforcementRead MoreMajor Components Of The Criminal Justice System906 Words   |  4 Pages Major Components of the Criminal Justice System Chelsea Sequeira 10/28/17 Citrus College AJ 101 Criminal Justice There are 3 major components of the criminal justice system; Police, Courts, and Corrections. These 3 systems work in harmony to enforce laws, punishments for violators of the laws, and to help correct the behaviors of criminals. The police system works closely with the public to investigate crimes, arrest offenders, maintain public order and provide emergencyRead MoreThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn the criminal justice system, there are many components and rules that everyone must follow. The main three components are law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All three of these components interact with each other at one point or another in the criminal justice system. In the first phase, you have the law enforcement these are people that are looking for the individuals that are breaking the law. According to Smith (2017), â€Å"Law enforcement personnel are also responsible for bringing forthRead MoreThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System888 Words   |  4 PagesFrancois Degboe B. Robinson Intro to Criminal Justice 07 September 2017 Most people don’t know about the three major components of the criminal justice system, but, in this paper the reader will know what they are. The reader will also read about how the three components interrelate to one another, and also how the conflict one another. The Three major components are Law Enforcements, Courts, and the Correctional System. According to Victims of crimes, Law Enforcement is when officers take reportsRead MoreThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System933 Words   |  4 Pages has been in the hands of the criminal justice system. Law enforcement, courts, and corrections have been making sure that the streets stay clean and that the community is safe. These three components work together in order to ensure justice is being served fairly. Although these three parts, of the criminal justice system, are different in many ways they succeed because of those differences. The different knowledge and insight each individual has about the criminal mind and behavior helps them makeRead MoreThe Three Components Of The Criminal Justice System766 Words   |  4 Pages Criminal justice! I’ve been asked plenty of times what is your definition of criminal justice or how would you explain criminal justice? My definition of it is when an individual who do a criminal act to someone or something to where t he victim needs justice from it. You can explain what is criminal justice in many ways but I’m not here to discuss only the definition of it, today I will be discussing the three components of the criminal justice system. The criminal system consists of the policeRead MoreThree Components Of The Criminal Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages The three components of the American criminal justice system are the police, courts, and corrections. These components operate independently of one another and maintain different goals, histories, and operating procedures (Neubauer Fradella, 2017). There are two commonly accepted models of the criminal justice system, the crime control model and due process model. These two models vary at the basic level, the crime control model aims to protect society at all costs while the due process modelRead MoreThree Components Of The U.s. Criminal Justice System997 Words   |  4 PagesThere are three components of the U.S. Criminal Justice Sy stem today, law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Anyone who is arrested will go through all three aspects without even being found guilty. However, one that most people seem to remember the most as a defining factor would be when they were in court, during this time there are many rules, procedures, and codes of conduct to follow. These are in place to allow a trial to proceed more efficiently and fairly for both the defense and prosecutionRead MorePolicing Is The Primary Component Of The Criminal Justice System1648 Words   |  7 PagesPolicing is the primary component of the criminal justice system. The police have a constitutional duty to enforce the law, provide the public with safety and security and maintain order in the society. They are seen as an authority figure who has considerable control over it s citizens. The police also have a duty to arrest people who break the law or commit an offense and in doing so, they help keep the justice system in a functional state. T he police does not determine the guilt or innocence

The policy of the United States Free Essays

string(306) " States received much more attention than the Canadian border, â€Å"†¦only 334 agents were assigned to the 5,525-mile northern border compared with over 9,000 agents stationed at the 2,062-mile southern edge† \(4\), however, since September 11 there are an equal amount of agents patrolling both borders\." This essay will generate the ideas of the role between border security and counter terrorism. The subcategories that will be discussed along side this theory are the lack of border security, both south of the United States and north. The policy of the United States toward immigration will also give the paper a close-up of the harm illegal aliens who are not apprehended will do, not only to the status of the economy but to national terrorism . We will write a custom essay sample on The policy of the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the emergence of a lax border security, finally, the issue of this juxtaposed with the opportunity that exists for terrorists to exploit will also be developed in the paper. In order for a more substantial argument to evolve in this paper a brief history with terrorism and border control will be argued as well as the history of the US Patriot Act and other issues in the past with the United States concerning immigration, illegal aliens, and terrorists. Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, there have been many changes in the ways the United States government functions. The first act of alteration to the normal code of conduct was the drafting and passage of the USA PATRIOT Act. There are many who see this act as a bold defense against the fear of terrorism for the American public, however, a growing number of people see the changes in American governmental policy and overall attitude towards enemies and allies alike as an affront against proper American values and freedom. As Andrew Kydd and Barbara Walter explain, there is a distinct politic to the notion of terrorism. However, these tactics are not always effective. There are many events of terrorism in the world each year, yet only a handful are regarded with any merit. According to Kydd and Walter, through a well argued and insightful article, it is â€Å"the trust between groups† that must be destroyed for an extremist attack to be successful. This is the motivation behind the response to the attacks of September 11, 2001. On December 6, 2001, then Attorney General John Ashcroft addressed the Senate Judiciary Committee in praise of this act, and it’s restructuring of the NSA, CIA and FBI. (Ashcroft 524) His rhetoric was patriotic and concise, and his views of the USA PATRIOT act and its changes seemed sincere. This was supported with the passage of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, which paved the road for the Patriot act itself. Eric Rosand wrote about the resolution in 2003. His response to its necessity was one of sympathy to the government, for having to face such a difficult challenge. However, not everyone who has commented on the alterations of the US governmental policy has done so with such reverence. David Cole compared the investigations into possible terrorist cells in the United States, to the â€Å"Palmer Raids† of 1919 – where, following a series of bombings, J. Edgar Hoover led a series of â€Å"round ups† of immigrants across the country and held them without trial or charge in â€Å"unconscionable conditions, interrogated incommunicado and in some cases tortured†. (529) This attitude has spread throughout the country, as the appearance of indecency has flooded the government’s handling of the terrorists investigations. Mary Jacoby brings up the question of the legal definition of â€Å"Detainee†. This is in response to the holding of prisoners at the Guantanamo Bay military base in Cuba. The prisoners of this facility have been acquired from around the world – from the war in Afghanistan, and from arrests done in dozens of countries around the world. However, the problem arises when the soldiers fighting for the Afghan military are brought in as detainees, rather than prisoners of war. While the Guantanamo prison has its apologists, such as Charles Krauthammer – who states that freeing of these men would be â€Å"lunacy† (537) – the fact remains, that in strict terms, the United States is in breech of the Geneva Convention by holding POWs. The United States government however sees this detention as necessary. The United States also enlists other tactics involving border control. The United States since September 11 has kept a more watchful eye on the Mexican border to ensure that large trucks are not passing the borders which could hold weapons, but this seems to be the only action officials and military are taking in regards to border control according to Zagorin (2004) in The Mexican Border Will Get a Closer Look. In this article Zagorin is hard pressed to find any true action the US is taking in regards to border control and Zagorin sites many examples of how Mexico is making its own efforts to decrease the chances al-Qaeda terrorists coming into the country or leaving the country, â€Å"The Mexicans will also focus on flight schools and aviation facilities on their side of the frontier. †¦another episode has some senior U. S. officials worried; the theft of a crop-duster aircraft south of San Diego, apparently by three men from southern Mexico who assaulted a watchman and then flew off in a southerly direction†¦ a senior U. S. law-enforcement official notes that crop dusters can be sued to disperse toxic substance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (19). In contrast to the underlying belief of the lax nature in Zagorin’s article Andreas (2003) holds a very different opinion in his article Perspective. This article gives details about the before and after September 11 border security in the United States dealing with both the Mexican and Canadian border. Prior to September 11 the United States focused its energy on deterring the flow of drugs between the borders. Thus the model by which the United States is equipped in handling border security in regards to terrorism is very juvenile in design because their previous focus has been on migrant workers and masses of illegal immigrants rather than to search a crowd and discover a few terrorists (4). Another issue that arises in the approach of the Mexican border is that the south border of the United States received much more attention than the Canadian border, â€Å"†¦only 334 agents were assigned to the 5,525-mile northern border compared with over 9,000 agents stationed at the 2,062-mile southern edge† (4), however, since September 11 there are an equal amount of agents patrolling both borders. You read "The policy of the United States" in category "Papers" Under the Patriot Act, as stated previously, the number of agents present in the Canadian border has tripled in a response to September 11. In an effort to stop terrorism, the US coastguard now stops every boat crossing the Great Lakes as well as escorts large tankers. Thus, Andreas states that these new border securities have merely taken the old ideas of drug trafficking measures and applied them to terrorism which makes for an increase of difficulty in border control (Andreas, 5). Fernando Reinares noted in his article, The Empire Rarely Strikes Back, that after â€Å"more than 2400 acts of terrorism against American citizens and interests† there have been only â€Å"three occasions of overt military response†. (Reinares 92) However, because of the incredible size and depth of impact of the September 11th attacks, war became unavoidable. There did arise a problem with the military action, however, as a growing public opinion seemed to point the target ast Islam itself, rather than just Al-Qaeda. This prompted the United States to â€Å"enlist the help of as many Islamic nations as possible† to counter act this perception. (Aretxega 143) This coalition of Islamic nations does nothing to counteract the rise in racial profiling within the United States. Sherry Colb wrote about the foreseen changes in American law enforcement following the September 11th attacks. Her article articulated the problem of racial profiling and its consequences. Cold notes that â€Å"real numbers do not support profiling†. (539) However this does not stop the utilization of profiling in airports, or in traffic stops. However, this too has its supporters, from such sources as law professor Roger Clegg. His response to the topic of racial profiling is one of acceptance and justification. â€Å"So what? † (Clegg 542) Clegg asks of the act of profiling. However his racial make-up lends itself easily to such opinions, as an educated white male is rarely confronted for being white, educated or male. But profiling at the borders is the number one cause by which patrols see fit to apprehend an individual since they fit the profile and the Patriot Act backs up the idea of border security no matter what the cost. The changes in the United States since September 2001 have been many and wide in scope, however there is little agreement as to whether these changes are for the better – or even legal. As illustrated in these articles, the several aspects of governmental policy that have been affected by these attacks have been met with acceptance and praise, as well as contempt and ridicule – with communicative and sincere arguments on both sides. Though, despite the eloquent nature of the arguments, they do not dissuade one from his or her own opinion. It is the learned set of moral values that create one’s opinion of the new America. The issue of border control seems increasingly to be an issue of economics and as much as the United States focuses its attention on increasing patrol, it is also obstructing trade between countries and so the lax behavior or approach in certain instances of policing and allowing immigrants to cross borders presents to the theorist that increased border control does not necessarily lead to a more protected country. In Kiely’s (2006) article GOP View, she states that the United States is more focused on illegal immigration than terrorism and using terrorism as a guise by which to exert an autocratic policing style which does not give rights to immigrants, â€Å"A bill the House passed in December called for making illegal immigration a felony offense, punishable by at least a year in jail†¦Under the law, people who cross the border without permission are already guilty of a criminal misdemeanor. But people who enter the country legally and then overstay their visas—as many as 40% of the nation’s estimated 12 million illegal immigrants, according to Sensenrenner—are guilty of a civil violation† (1). Thus it becomes apparent that the United States is focusing more attention on illegal immigration than on terrorism since all of their efforts are geared toward this goal. Since the United States has merely adapted their approach to finding terrorists in the same fashion by which they find illegal immigrants there seems to exist a very unreliable system. The terrorists that entered the country each had different ways to travel, false papers of identification and would have been apprehended if the border security had not been as lax as they had been and since their approach to border control has not changed dramatically as a system, but merely as having more patrols and policing the gate is left open for terrorism, as The US 9/11 Commission on Border Control (2004), states, â€Å"We found that as many as 15 of the 19 hijackers were potentially vulnerable to interception by border authorities. Analyzing their characteristic travel documents and travel patterns could have allowed authorities to intercept 4 of the 15 hijackers and more effective use of information available in U. S. government databases could have identified up to 3 hijackers† (570). Since these hijackers could have been apprehended but were not, and the government has only increased the number of patrols on the either border and not per se the system by which illegal immigrants are apprehended it stands to reason that the government is not altogether prepared or establishing a methodology in apprehending terrorists, they are merely cracking down by using brute force without strategy, Looking back, we can also see that the routine operations of our immigration laws—that is, aspects of those laws not specifically aimed at protecting against terrorism—inevitably shaped al Qaeda’s planning and opportunities. Because they were deemed not to be bona fide tourists or students as they claimed, five conspirators that we know of tried to get visas and failed, and one was denied entry by an inspector. We also found that had the immigration system set a higher bar for determining whether individuals are who or what they claim to be—and ensuring consequences for violations—it could potentially have excluded, removed, or come into further contact with several hijackers who did not appear to meet the terms for admitting short-term visitors (570). Thus, the article emphasized the lack of a system in uncovering terrorism as part of border security. Aristotle was partial to pluralism. He did place his faith in the idea that humans ‘aped’ reality and copy what they are witnessing, and thus making reality a reserved, unattainable subject. A person’s personal truth, through the philosophy of pluralism and Aristotle, has a background involving historical context and empirical evidence wherein truth can be extrapolated. Aristotle believed that pluralism dealt more with a person’s culture than with a vast array of immitigable scenarios. For Aristotle, pluralism, and not unity allowed for change in the universe, and in this avenue of discourse Aristotle presented the concept of both motion and rest existing in the world in simultaneous reality, â€Å"†¦ it is not the case that all things are at rest or in motion sometimes and nothing for ever; for there is something which always moves the things that are in motion, and the first mover is itself unmoved [Ibid. , 29-32, p. 751]. † Therefore, life, reality, self exist on a plane where the possibility of truth is represented in many. Thus, the United States’ approach to terrorism is found to be understood as the common good for everyone as opposed to the common good based on one man. This is shown in the allowance of holding foreigners in prisons without trial in order to gain information from them, and even in some cases indulging in torture in order to protect the greater good as is stated in Aristotle’s logos. In the reality that existed for Aristotle through the philosophy concept of pluralism, empirical facts were the focus, goal and reality which human beings base their existence. In this existence, it is not necessary for a common laborer to delve into the meanderings of the Ideal Good possibly having relevance for anyone besides a philosopher. The absolute idea for Aristotle was not found in abstract concepts but rather in empirical multiplicity and continuous transformation of facts based on frame of reference, history, and culture. It is through these fundamental approaches that human beings come to know their own truth instead of delving into the misrepresentation of Forms given through Plato’s unity, â€Å"Pythagoreans say that things exist by ‘imitation’ of numbers, and Plato says they exist by participation, changing the name. But what the participation or the imitation of the Forms could be they left an open question [Ibid. , ll-14, p. 7O1]. † The interaction of Forms and human beings in the universe is the core concept on the philosophy of pluralism, as Aristotle states, â€Å"Platonists speak as if the One were homogeneous like fire or water; if this is so, the numbers will not be substances. Evidently, if there is a One-itself, and this is a first principle, ‘One’ is being used in more than one sense; for otherwise the theory is impossible [Ibid. , 992a 7-10, p. 7O9]. † Through metaphysics Aristotle suggests that existence is not reliant upon numbers, reasons, or Forms alone, but only that the realistic forms are primary, which is the approach the United States government is taking in regards to counter-terrorism. The number one priority of preventing terrorism is to prevent terrorist travel. This tactic however has not been seriously employed with regards to border security and finding and preventing terrorism since the focus, as previously stated, is more about finding terrorists, not finding the means by which they are mobile. One system that has not be utilized in border security is the means by which to detect whether documentation is authentic since terrorists have system by which they infiltrate a country. Their travel channels should be found and exploited, but no real clause in the Patriot Act has been given or stated. Terrorists establish themselves in the United States through their travel channels by which there is a paper trail of documents; therefore, the Patriot Act, and NAFTA should not only be focusing their efforts at the borders where the terrorists may or may not be traveling but the government should also be wary of terrorist activity already transpiring inside the country, as The US 9/11 Commission on Border Control, â€Å"Each of these checkpoints or portals is a screening-a chance to establish that people are who they say they are and are seeking access for their stated purpose, to intercept identifiable suspects, and to take effective action† (571). This paper has shown that although the United States is refocusing efforts on border control their methodology has not been new in design as counter terrorism efforts call for, but instead the United States seems to have merely increased the number of patrols across the border and not changed the system by which they seek out terr orists. In the information presented in this paper it gave different avenues by which the United States could be making a better effort to fight terrorism by simply having a different strategy on terrorism inclusive of finding their travel channels and relying on identification and false passports. The United States approach to border control, since they are using the same system now as prior to September 11 have not changed how they approach terrorists and their apprehension thus leaving room for terrorists to take advantage of this lax method and exploit it. Bibliography Andreas, Peter. (2003 3rd Quarter). Perspective. Regional Review. Vol. 13, Issue 2, p3-7. Aretxaga, Begona. (Winter 2001). Terror as Thrill: First Thoughts on the ‘War on Terrorism’. Anthropological Quarterly. Vol. 75, No. 1, p138-150. Kiely, Kathy. (13 April 2006). GOP View: Illegal Immigration Won’t be Felony. USA Today. Kydd, Andrew; Walter, Barbara. (Spring 2002). Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist Violence. International Organization. Vol. 56, No. 2, p263-296. Reinares, Fernando. (Jan-Feb 2002). The Empire Rarely Strikes Back. Foreign Policy. No. 128. P. 92-94. Rosand, Eric. (April 2003). Security Council Resolution 1373, the Counter-Terrorism Committee, and the Fight against Terrorism. The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 97, No. 2, p333-341. The US 9/11 Commission on Border Control. (2004). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p569-574. Zagorin, Adam. (22 November 2004). Bordering On Nukes? Time. Vol. 164 Issue 21, p19. How to cite The policy of the United States, Papers

Nelson Mandela character analysis free essay sample

Primary socialisation Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18th. 1918 and recently died on December 5th 2013. He was born in Eastern Cape, South Africm Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (father) Nonqaphi Nosekeni (mother) were both Christians, therefore so was Mr Mandela. His father Gadla was the head chief in his community. The strengths his father would have needed were to speak up for his people, have courage, be caring, be supportive ot his community, strong, powerful worker, a good communicator and well educated. His father had all them. As Nelson Mandela was growing up he would have looked up to his father alot. Most young boys while growing up would usually look up to their father as most see them as their role model and the most amazing person in the world. As his father was such an important person, young Mandela would have been inspired to be Just like his father. As both his parents were a both Christians Nelson Mandela was sent to Methodist school that provided him with very good education as he was the son of the chief. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Mandela character analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nelson Mandelas tather and childhood have attected his PIES alot. As he was the son of the chief Nelson would have had access to the best his people could have gotten at the time. Also. because his father was the chief, he had a good education; he went to school (both primary and secondary), a college and university As he was growing up the bond between him and his father would have been really strong as he would have looked up to his father as a role model. When his father passed away when he was 1 1, along with being heartbroken, It would have made him more passionate about being more Ilke the man his father was. This would have Included him being more kind, speaking up for people, being more caring and supportive, become a better communicator and being educated. Finally as he was the chiefs son he would have been popular within the kids in his community. This would have also boosted his confidence in being around alot of people and also speaking to alot of people and getting his opinion heard. Secondary Socialisation Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela went to a primary school in Qunu where his teacher gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom to give all students Christian names. He then went to complete his junior certificate at Clarkebury boarding institute and went on to Healdtown, a Weslayan secondary school of some repute, where matriculated. Nelson Mandela began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the university College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was expelled for Joining In a student protest. He completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his graduation in 1943. Nelson Mandelas education influenced him to]oin the African National Congress as he was a lavvyer and wanted equality. Sp he Joined the A. F. C in hope to bring equality in Africa. South African Government As a result of Apartheid many people lives where changed in many ways including tne Tollowlng. I ne Group Areas act 0T IY5U controlled wnere people could live I ne Black people were driven into small town quite far away from city centres; however their Jobs were still in these cities and white suburbs. Bus fares were expensive and catching public transport everyday was expensive and caused hardship and depression for the black people. The Bantu education act meant the black students were disadvantaged with their education system in South Africa is now far worse than under apartheid. Overall, they were kept away from white people and had no rights at all and had worse facilities and werent allowed to use non-coloured acilities. Also they werent allowed to answer or fight back to verbal or physical abuse! So When Nelsons attempts at a peaceful protest failed he went underground but continued to protest secretly and set fire to a government building. His trial was so long to keep him occupied rather than him organising more protests. Eventually, when Nelson was in prison he was forced to do hard labour in limestone quarries along with all the other inmates at the prison. Meanwhile Nelsons supporters were still protesting. When they protested the government shot at them and as a result of the shootings 69 people died. Also, some of the leaders of countries were sentenced to prison or have had to be exiled. The South African Government have also influenced Nelson Mandelas PIES. His physical health would have affected when he was put into prison for 27 years. In prison he was forced to do hard labour in limestone quarries, and wasnt given the food he would have needed to sustain a healthy lifestyle. Also, in prison he would have had to go to the toilet in a small bucket in the corner of his very small cell. This would have also caused him to have some health problem. Going to prison would have influenced his intellectual health s well. Beside going out of his cell to work, he would have also had alot of alone time in which he would have thought about what he was fghting for, and what he may have been planning to do once, and if he ever was released. As he was in orison he would have been away from his wife and kids as he was serving his time in prison. He would have also been kept away from the other inmates, and probably had only seen them whilst working in the quarry. Nelsons Supporters Wife To show their anger about Mandela being kept in prison they burnt down government buildings, held more protests and complained all the time. When upporters protested in South Africa they got shot down, beaten and put in prison. Many people got involved in campaigning for Nelsons freedom including his wife, the British Priminister, pop singers, leaders from around the world and many sports players. There were many methods used to campaign for Mandelas freedom such as pop concerts, speeches, and not doing business with South Africa. Having supporters who supported and cared for him whilst he was in prison would have helped him not to give up, and still have hope and keep strong. They would have also influenced him to still have faith in his dream for South Africa. His emotional health would have been influenced by his supporters as he would have been re-assured knowing that what he was going through is doing something, and its not all for no reason. The biggest influence on his physical health was parents (mainly the father). I think this because as he was the son of the chief he would have had greater access to medical needs and he would have had proper food. This was because the people in his community would have all looked up to him. His father had an important role in their community. I ne Dlggest Innuence on nls Intellectual nealtn was nls teacners startlng Trom rimary school going on all the way to university. This is because, they would have taught him most of everything he had learnt, and would have equipped his brain to work out problems, and what do to with the issues he came across in the most effective ways that are sure to end in the results he would have wanted. The biggest influence on his emotional health would have been his supporters as they would have helped him keep faith in what he wanted to achieve. Also the fact that they all looked up to him would have guided him to work harder for his fans and try his best to help the out. Another influence on his emotional health would have been the government. As they werent doing anything about the apartheid other than supporting it, they would have made Mandela feel angry, and upset therefore making him strive to change the way everything was to make it a better place. Also there was a poem called Invictus that he said helped him to overcome his anger and still think positively even when he was in Jail. He also said that, the poem helped him regain any hope in himself that had been lost. The biggest influence on his social health would have again been the government. I think this because; being put into prison significantly influenced the time he got to spend with his friends and family, and who he was allowed to spend time with. Conclusion IVe put the Primary and Secondary Socialisation agents in order of how much they influenced the person who Nelson Mandela became. 1 . South African Government 2. His Supporters 3. School 4. Invictus (the poem) This is the order IVe put them. Firstly the government which allowed the apartheid to happen first made Nelson Mandela angry and allowed him to attempt to make a change. Also when he was put in prison as a result of all the protesting, being alone or most of the time in there gave him the opportunity to reflect on everything that has happened and gave him the chance to think of what he want to do in the future. Having an education helped Mandela as they provided him with the ability to think about how issues can be resolved in many ways. They also provided Mandela with the basic knowledge needed for Mandela to become a lawyer, which then led onto him becoming part of the A. F. C. Finally, the poem helped him alot in his time in prison as it helped lift his spirit and when he felt down. By Fatemah Bibi

How to Wake Up Early in The Morning to Study

How to Wake Up Early in The Morning to Study Individuals who are highly productive and successful tend to have at least one habit in common: being early risers. What’s so great about getting up early? Well, for one thing, mornings tend to have fewer distractions and therefore allow you the peace and quiet you need to knock out important tasks such as studying for classes. This is particularly beneficial for students whose waking hours tend to revolve around classes and school activities such as sports, clubs and socializing. If you can get up ahead of the pack, you’ll find that just an hour of early morning studying can have a great impact on your information retention and your GPA. Here are some easy ways for you to train yourself into getting up early to hit the books: Be Wary of Nightcaps Having a drink right before going to bed can make it all the harder for you to wake up early in the morning. You’re more likely to be tired, dehydrated and groggy if you drank right before going to sleep. Keep Away from Electronics Studies show that accessing electronic devices before bedtime can lead to insomnia or troubled sleep. So using your laptop or cell phone, checking your Facebook or text messages or watching YouTube videos right before bed can lead to a lot of tossing and turning, making it more challenging for you to rise and shine early in the morning. These activities stimulate the brain and the senses in ways that make it difficult to â€Å"disconnect† from when you close your eyes and try to sleep. Read Yourself to Sleep On the other hand, reading tends to have a calming effect on the brain and reading a book before bed can lead to deeper, more relaxing sleep Meditate Meditation can be beneficial in many different ways. In addition to enhancing concentration, it can also have a calming effect on the mind, which is perfect for those trying to develop a restful sleep routine. There are some guided meditations geared towards enhancing sleepiness which you can listen to while you drift off to sleep. Eat a Light Dinner Eating heavy meals or drinking a lot of caffeine at night or even in the afternoon can lead to sleep disturbances or difficulty drifting off to begin with. Foods that are high in fat, fast foods and sugar-laden foods can be difficult to digest, leading to indigestion or discomfort, which is the last thing you want when you’re trying to get some Zzz’s. Try to eat light in the evening and eat at least two hours before bedtime. Get Some Exercise During the Day An exercise routine, no matter if it’s only a half an hour walk, can have a great effect on the body. When the body feels tired, the brain also tends to follow suit. Expending some energy during the day can lead to better sleep at night. Set an Ambiance Some scents can help put you into a relaxed state such as lavender and vanilla. You could use some aromatherapy sprays to enhance your relaxation. Taking a warm shower, drinking some chamomile tea (which has a relaxing effect) and dimming the lights can also help signal to your body it’s time to settle in for the night. Create a Night Routine You can use a combination of these strategies to create a routine every night before you go to bed. Creating a consistent routine will help you sleep better on a regular basis and allow you to get the hours of sleep you need to wake up early in the morning. Create a Morning Routine A morning routine is just as important as a night routine. Maybe you want to drink a cup of tea or coffee first thing in the morning before cracking the books open or do five minutes of meditation before beginning your day. Whatever you need to get yourself into the studying groove. Hope these tips help you get a good night’s rest so you can tackle your studies early each morning! image credit: flickr.com

The Top 4 ACT Reading Strategies You Must Use

The Top 4 ACT Reading Strategies You Must Use SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you struggle with the ACT Reading section, you're probably on the lookout for some new strategies to help you improve your performance. In this article, I’ve put together four of our top strategies for fixing whatever problems you have on the Reading section and dramatically increasing your scores! Strategy #1: Learn to Eliminate Three Wrong Answers This is the cornerstone of the fundamental rule of ACT reading, which states that there is only one correct answer for each question, and all other choices can be eliminated based on concrete evidence in the passage.This sounds simple, but it’s much more difficult in practice.You have to be super picky with every answer choice! If an answer choice contains even one word or phrase that doesn’t match up with the evidence in the passage, you must eliminate it.Don’t fall for answers that COULD work but don’t have any direct evidence to back them up. That’s how the test tries to trick you. A good way to avoid tricky answers is to answer the question in your own words first and then look at the answer choices. This way, you can formulate an opinion before your thoughts are influenced in any way by the incorrect options. This is an important strategy because it’s much easier to get rid of three wrong answers than to try and pick out one correct answer right off the bat. Even if you’re not sure exactly what the right answer is, with this strategy you can find it just by figuring out what the wrong ones are. Practice Question for Strategy #1: In the last paragraph, the author expresses the belief that scientists who open a new line of research on a topic are likely to: A. quickly discover the answers to the questions they raise.B. find that new questions arise as old ones are answered.C. receive answers far different than they anticipated.D. learn that they have often asked the wrong questions. Here’s the last paragraph of the passage for reference: Like many preliminary scientific reports, Cho’s study raises more questions than it answers. Still, he has demonstrated new functional effects of acupuncture. â€Å"Classically, acupuncture was the ultimate in experimentation; people collected data for thousands of years,† says Joie Jones, professor of radiological sciences at the University of California at Irvine and coauthor of the study. â€Å"With these studies, we’ve demonstrated that for at least some acupuncture points [a connection] goes through the brain.† Which belief is the author expressing in the paragraph? Well, first let’s decide which beliefs he or she ISN’T expressing. Choice A: quickly discover the answers to the questions they raise This seems wrong.The paragraph says that the study â€Å"raises more questions than it answers†.This doesn’t go along with a belief that scientists who open new lines of research like the one in the passage will â€Å"quickly discover the answers to the questions they raise†. The study led to more questions, not immediate answers!Cross it out. Choice C: receive answers far different than they anticipated This looks wrong too.Did the paragraph ever talk about the study revealing unexpected answers to the scientists’ questions?It seems like it’s saying that the study demonstrated what they expected it to: that acupuncture points are connected to signal pathways in the brain. Get rid of this answer! Choice D:learn that they have often asked the wrong questions This choice also seems incorrect.Although the study â€Å"raises more questions than it answers†, the paragraph doesn’t refer to the original questions being â€Å"the wrong questions.†They just didn’t cover all the questions that would ultimately come up as a result of the study. Cross this answer out too! The only answer we have left after eliminating the incorrect choices is: Choice B: find that new questions arise as old ones are answered This answer choice makes complete sense. It restates the phrase in the paragraph about new questions being raised almost word for word! You can see from this example how process of elimination makes the answers to ACT Reading questions a lot more clear-cut. That's why it's such a key strategy to keep in mind. New questions will always arise as old ones are answered. We will never truly be enlightened. Humanity toils endlessly to find meaning in existence. Oh, the horror of consciousness. Didn't think a picture caption would get this dark, did you? Strategy #2: Find Your Ideal Passage Reading Method This strategy is also critical, especially if you struggle with running out of time on ACT Reading.Time can be a huge problem for students on the Reading section because you only get 35 minutes for 40 questions. That’s 53 seconds per question!If you spend a total of 15 minutes just reading the passages, that brings your time per question down to 30 seconds. This means picking the most efficient reading methodwill do a lot to improve your performance.Here are three methods that you might decide to use. Experiment with each on timed practice tests to see which feels the most comfortable and allows you to save the most time. Method #1: Skim the Passage First This is an effective method if you want to get a sense of the overall structure of the passage before looking at the questions without wasting too much time.The best way to skim is to read the introduction and conclusion paragraphs of the passage and the first and last sentences of the body paragraphs.The author's main pointswill be located in these parts of the passage, so you should be able to answer any big picture questions you come across after skimming. If a question asks about details in the passage that you don’t remember, you can always go back and find them.By doing this on a question-by-question basis, you will save yourself time because you’ll only be reading closely in the specific parts of the passage that are relevant to the questions. Method #2: Skip Straight to the Questions This might seem crazy, but trust me, it’s a workable strategy.Close to half of the questions on the ACT Reading section are about small details, so you don’t have to know the main idea of the passage to answer them. You can answer these types of questions just by searching through the passage and finding one specific detail.By the time you answer all the detail questions and are ready to move on to big picture questions, you'll have a solid sense of the main points of the passage.If not, you can always use the skimming technique outlined in Method #1. This method scares some people, but if you’re willing to go for it, it can actually save tons of time! Method #3: Read the Whole Passage First This is the method most people use instinctively.If you’re a fast reader with great reading comprehension skills, it might be fine to read passages this way. Just make sure that it really is working for you - again, I suggest taking timed practice tests where you experiment with these methods to see which one will serve you best on the real test. Even if you CAN read quickly, that doesn't mean you'll absorb the information effectively. Make sure you're a quick and thorough reader before deciding to abandon the other methods and read passages in-depth. When it comes to reading passages, don't bite off more than you can chew. Mini-Strategy #2.5: Answer Questions Based on Your Reading Strategy I mentioned this a bit when describing the different reading methods, but on the test you should answer questions in an order that makes sense based on your chosen reading strategy. If you use Method #1 and skim the passage first or use Method #3 and read thoroughly first, then you should start with big picture questions. The main points of the passage will be freshest in your mind right after you skim the passage. If, on the other hand, you use Method #2 and start with the questions, you should answer detail questions first. They'll be much easier to answer than big picture questions if you haven't yet read the passage in full. Strategy #3: Understand Your Mistakes The key to improvement in any endeavor is first understanding where you're going wrong, and the ACT Reading section is no exception.When you take practice tests, mark every question you get wrong or are unsure about, and determine why you missed each of them. This should include any questions where you guessed and got the right answer. You might not be so lucky next time! When analyzing your mistakes, it’s not enough to say â€Å"I made a dumb mistake† and move on. WHY did you make a mistake on that particular question? What will you do to prevent it from happening again in the future? There Are Four General Types of Mistakes: Type 1: Time Pressure Did you miss the question because you just didn’t get to it?Were you rushing and picked an answer that you didn’t really think about? If time pressure is the reason for many of your mistakes, you may need to refine your passage reading strategy or just takemore practice tests to get used to how fast you need to move through the questions.You might also need to work on skipping difficult questions initially so you don’t spend too much time on one question and miss easier questions later in the section. Type 2: Content Weakness This is less common in the Reading section, but it’s possible that you just didn’t know what a word or concept meant in the passage and ended up choosing the wrong answer.The best way to fix this is to do more challenging reading on your own time.You should alsoread this guide to ACT vocabulary and the most common words you’ll need to know! Type 3: Question Comprehension Did you misunderstand what the question was asking? These types of mistakes are why it’s so critical to make sure you know what’s being asked before you start looking at the answer choices.If you find a question confusing, restate it in your own words before choosing an answer. Type 4: Careless Error Did you miss an â€Å"EXCEPT† or â€Å"LEAST† in the question?Were you rushing? Remind yourself to slow down and read carefully.Try different passage reading strategies if you think this is partially a time pressure issue.If you’re rushing because you’re anxious about finishing the section, I would suggest skipping straight to the questions.This way you will get some questions done right away and will feel less pressed for time. Once you realize where your mistakes are happening, you can start to correct them.Confronting your mistakes directly will improve your scores significantly! Time to eat a nice slice of humble pie washed down with a glass of my mistake milk. Rein in your ego, and you won't get food poisoning. Probably. Strategy #4: Find Your Problem Areas and Practice, Practice, Practice This is the next step after figuring out the types of mistakes you make most frequently.After you identify all the questions you’ve been missing, you can categorize them by question typeto make it easier to cater your practice sessions to the areas of the test that give you the most trouble. ACT Reading question types that we’ve identified include: Big picture questionsLittle picture/detail questionsVocabulary in context questionsFunction questionsInference questions Click on the links for more information about each type and strategies for solving them.Once you’ve categorized all your problem questions, you can start doing more practice in the areas that cause you the most trouble. If you find that your mistakes are pretty evenly distributed, you can practice all types of questions and work on taking more timed practice tests.It’s possible that it’s not the questions themselves that are a problem for you but the timing of the test. This just means getting used to the structure and learning better time management. Review If you really want to improve your ACT Reading scores, you’ll need work hard at perfecting your testing strategies and fixing your weak areas. The four strategies you should keep in mind are: Strategy #1: Learn to eliminate three wrong answer choicesStrategy #2: Find the best passage reading method for youStrategy #3: Understand your mistakes Strategy #4: Find your problem areas and do practice questions If you follow this advice and devote significant time to mastering these strategies, you should start to see awesome results! What's Next? For more quick ways to improve your ACT Reading score, check out my article on the best tips for ACT Reading. If you're really ambitious, read our article on how to get a perfect 36 on ACT Reading for more advanced strategies. Ready to get your studying started? Take a look at this article on the best way to practice for ACT Reading. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Catholic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Catholic - Essay Example After the death of Jesus the Christian belief became an independent faith, but a faith persistently persecuted by the Romans. The disciples of Jesus and their descendants would spread the word the gospels and the path to salvation through Jesus (Fairchild 1). It would not be until after the Romans abandoned their pantheon of Gods and adopted Christianity as their official religion that such persecution would stop. This is how the Roman Catholic Church was born (Bellitto 1-2). Its power spread throughout the lands and Rome conquered under the name of Jesus forcing many to convert under duress. It became and remains one of the most commonly practiced religions in the world. With the onset of the Scientific Revolution the belief in faith showed a bit of decline as the influence of science, logic, and rationale was embraced. However, that did not diminish the Church for long. Even today the number of people who admit that they are Catholic is higher than ever in certain states around the country. However, the number of people actually attending Church services has greatly diminished. There is a demographic change being seen in the faith, as well. Catholic congregations tend to be elderly women, middle class Caucasian families with small children, and Hispanic or Latino families. The number of young females of all age categories has heavily diminished, primarily because of the highly patriarchal interpretations of spiritual passages, there vocal position on the issue of birth control, and there diminishment of women’s rights have turned many young females from Catholicism as a religious option. However, despite these changing demographics and shifting Church presence experts remain confident that Catholicism will remain a top faith well into the future (Briggs 1). Again, as previously mentioned, experts on the subject of theology are confident that Catholicism will continue to have strong membership into the near future (Briggs 1).However, there are other opi nions that reference the fact that with the changing, globalization of the world it is imperative that all institutions, including Catholicism, will need to reform, reinvent, or innovate their perspectives to meet the changing times. If not, it is likely, that the distance between the logical, technological thinkers and those that practice religion will widen. In the next 5 years or the next decade it is likely that they will maintain their popularity, however in 25 years the world will have changed and if Catholicism, along with other faiths, are not willing to adapt to those changes it is possible that their number of believers will plummet. Teachings of the Group In the most basic explanation Catholics believe that there is One Almighty God, who created all the universe and the world we live upon and then created man in his image in a the Garden of Eden. He sent his son to be born of perpetual virgin, Mary, and then grow to become the leader who would lead them to salvation for t heir immortal souls. They believe that Jesus Christ is the means to salvation of the soul; which is extremely important to Catholics. If one is too heavy with sin they will spend eternity in Hell, while those who are free of sin and lead a â€Å"good life† will be allowed to enter the gates of Heaven. They believe that the Bible expresses truths that are not open for debate. They

IranianSyrian Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

IranianSyrian Relations - Essay Example Border clashes between Israel and Syria, occurring throughout 1960s, culminated into Arab-Israel war of 1967. After six days of war, Israel who fought against the Arab States of Egypt, Jordan and Syria, annexed much of Arab territory, including Golan heights southwest of Syria. Fighting around the Golan Heights continued between Israel and Syria because of mounting tension from the Palestine refugees entering Syria en masse. This resulted into Syria and Egypt going to war against Israel in 1973. Claiming a legal authority by Israel in the Golan Heights, quite antagonist to Syria's demand for Israel to relinquish its claim, further aggravated the hostilities in 1981. Tension between Syria and Israel aggravated when the former demanded the return of the Golan Heights and the creation of the sate of Palestine. As Syria plays a major role in the Middle East, she sent peacekeeping troops in Lebanon to stop a civil war there. But this force remained in Lebanon as late as 2005. In the meantime, however, Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. An alliance of many countries including the United States and Syria was formed to oppose Iraq's illegal annexation of Kuwait. Over 20,000 Syrian troops fought against Iraqi forces to finally oust them from Kuwait in February 1991. After the death of Syrian president Hafiz-al- Assad in June 2000, his son Bashaar al-Assad succeeded him the same year. Many countries insisted Syria to withdraw its forces f... An alliance of many countries including the United States and Syria was formed to oppose Iraq's illegal annexation of Kuwait. Over 20,000 Syrian troops fought against Iraqi forces to finally oust them from Kuwait in February 1991. After the death of Syrian president Hafiz-al- Assad in June 2000, his son Bashaar al-Assad succeeded him the same year. Many countries insisted Syria to withdraw its forces from Lebanon. Rafik Hariri, a former premier of Lebanon was killed by a car bomb in Beirut, Lebanon. Accusations from all over held Syria to be responsible for Hariri's death. The assassination of Hariri triggered massive demonstrations and protests against Syrian for its withdrawal from Lebanon. Syria eventually withdrew from Lebanon in 2005. (Abu-Khalil As'ad, n.d.) Iran - A Brief Introduction Iran is one of the ancient countries in the Middle East and is situated to the southwest of Asia. It has snow-capped mountains, and its land abounds with green valleys, and barren deserts. Tehran, which is the largest city of Iran, is the country's capital. According to the ancient history of civilizations, Iran ranks as the world's oldest countries. The origin of human settlements in Iran is traced back in history to almost 5,000 years ago. The Persian Empire, which covered a vast territory of southwestern Asia and parts of Europe and Africa, had its seat of civilization based in what is now Iran. (Ansari Ali M, n.d.) Map of Iran Fact File - Iran Official Name: Islamic Republic of Iran Capital: Tehran Area: 636,372 sq miles Highest point: Mount Damavand (18,386 ft above sea-level) Official language: Persian (also called 'Farsi') Currency: Iranian Rial Population: 72,048,000 (two-third of Iranian people are of Aryan origin; 60 percent are

Explaining Crime Social Control Theory Exam 1 Criminology Essay

Explaining Crime Social Control Theory Exam 1 Criminology Essay 1. Based on all of the theories you have been exposed to so far in the course, choose the one theory that you think is the best at explaining crime. Compare it to at least two other theories and discuss how the theory you chose represents an improvement over the other two. Be specific and be sure to cite the empirical research to support your argument. Based on all the theories I have been exposed to in this course so far, social control theory is the best at explaining crime. Social control theory explains crime in terms of the individuals social relationships and focuses on the absence of significant relationships with conventional others and institutions (Agnew, 1992:48). The theory utilizes issues of conformity, so instead of theorizing about the motivations of criminal behavior, the social control theory ask, Why do people conform? In this theory people believe that societys ability to control social groups affects whether an adolescent turns to a life of crime or not. Social control theory comes from the learning theories which are developed from family ties or other social circles that individuals interact with so as to learn what is right and what is wrong. When these controlling influences are weak or rendered ineffective and absent, society frees the individual to deviate from legal and moral norms; therefore, crime often does occur. In particular, crime is most likely to when (1) when the adolescent is not attached to the parents, school, or other institutions; (2) parents and others fail to monitor and effectively sanction deviance; (3) the adolescents actual or anticipated investment in conventional society is minimal; and (4) the adolescent has not internalized conventional beliefs (Agnew, 1992:49). Although strain, social control, and differential association theory/social learning theory are all sociological theories, strain theory is distinguished from social control and social learning theory in its specification of (1) the type of social relationship that leads to delinquency and (2) the motivation for delinquency. Strain theory focuses explicitly on negative relationships with others: relationships in which the individual is not treated as he or she wants to be treated. Agnews developed a new theory, general strain theory that defines measurements of strain, the major types of strain, the links between strain and crime, coping strategies to strain, the determinants of delinquent or non-delinquent behavior, and policy recommendations that are based on this theory which introduced a new perspective on the original theory that was written off a few decades ago. While social control theory rests on the premise that the breakdown of society frees the individual to commit crime, strain theory is focused on the pressure that is placed on the individual to commit crime (Agnew, 1992:49). According to the strain theory, individual deviance is caused as a result of negative relationships or treatment from others; and this result in anger and frustration (Agnew, 1997a:31). Agnews strain theory was developed from the work of Durkheim and Merton and addressed many of the criticisms of the original strain theory, however; it lacked the supporting data and still had several flaws like the original strain theory. Strain theory can cause many negative feelings in an individual including defeat, despair, and fear, but the feeling that is most applicable to crime is anger. For example, an increase in strain would lead to an increase in anger, which may then lead to an increase in crime. Social control theory represents an improvement over the strain theory as it explains that if an individual has certain morals and social values that they live by and grew up believing t hat they are more likely to seek a socially acceptable way of achieving their goals and not let feelings of defeat, despair, fear, and anger lead them to respond to strain with crime. The strain theory affect creates pressure for corrective action which may lead adolescents to (1) make use of illegitimate channels of goal achievement, (2) attack or escape from the source of their adversity, and/or (3) manage their negative affect through the use of illegal drugs (Agnew, 1992:49). Social control theory, by contrast, denies that outside forces pressure the adolescent into crime but rather, the absence of significant relationships with other individuals and groups frees the adolescent to engage in delinquency in response to inner forces or situational inducements. Social learning theory (SLT) is distinguished from strain and control theory by its focus on positive relations with deviant others (Agnew, 1992:49). Social learning theory focuses on the general principles that (1) people can learn by observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviors (If people observe positive, desired outcomes in the observed behavior, they are more likely to model, imitate, and adopt the behavior themselves), (2) learning can occur without a change in behavior, and (3) cognition plays a role in learning. This theory incorporates aspects of behavioral learning (assumes that peoples environment cause people to behave in certain ways) and cognitive learning (presumes that psychological factors are important for influencing how one behaves) factors that are important for influencing how one behaves. Social learning theory outlines three stages for people to learn and model behavior include (a) attention: retention (remembering what one observed), ( b) reproduction (ability to reproduce the behavior), and (c) motivation (good reason) to want to adopt the behavior (Agnew, 1992:49). The social learning theory claims that the relationship with illegal peers will lead to a criminal lifestyle that changes the values of achieving success in a legit way. Reisss theory of personal and social control states that delinquency results when there is a relative absence of internalized norms and rules governing behavior in conformity with the norms of the social system to which legal penalties are attached (Lilly, 2007:85). One disadvantage of the social learning theory is that it does not account for what may be considered positive it focuses more on the factors perceived as negative by the learner. Social control theory represents an improvement as it seeks to direct and guide social learning toward obedience specific to an agenda outside the learners. Social learning is a change in behavior that is controlled by environmental influences ra ther than by innate or internal forces that occurs through observing the consequences of others and by determining if such behavior is worth replicating. The theory of social control emphasizes on the role of society in the control of criminal behavior and proposes social learning with the help of social control which is why I chose the theory of social control over the social learning theory. The Theory of Social Control is widely cited in criminology in addition it has also been explored by the realist philosophers and represented by Travis Hirschi, a pro-pounder of Right Realism. While no single theory can explain why everyone commits crime social control theory does look at the causations of crime from learning theories. They teach us that morals are taught in families and other social circles and that these morals keep individuals from committing crimes they are taught are wrong. The main premise of control theories is that When controls are present, crime does not occur; when controls are absent, crime often does occur (Beaver, 2010). Social control theory does give explanation by teaching us that when people hold tightly to certain morals and social values they are more likely to seek a socially acceptable way of achieving their goals. 3. During our course discussion, many of you pointed out that the criminological theories that we discussed have both strengths and limitations. This is a view that is held by many criminologists. One way to overcome this problem is to integrate theories into a single perspective. You are responsible for creating an integrated theory that incorporates elements from at least three theories. Be sure to provide a detailed analysis of this theory, including how you were able to integrate components from other theories. During the history of criminological thought, various criminological theories on crime causation have been put together into a single perspective. One way to overcome this problem is to create an integrated theory that incorporates elements by combining the ideas expressed by the concepts of differential association theory developed by Edwin Sutherland, Mertons theory on deviance from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie, and Robert Agnews general strain theory to provide a more accurate and comprehensive explanation as to why some individuals commit crime where others do not. Although many criminologists have viewed the criminological theories to have both strengths and limitations, it is by no means one single theory but the ideas from the three slighted altered theories that will help in providing a better explanation and understanding of criminal behavior. The first theory, differential association by Sutherland (1949:75) explains that criminal behavior is learned just like any other behavior through interactions with others. Sutherlands differential association predicts that an individual will choose the criminal path when the balance of definitions for law-breaking (unfavorable) exceeds those for law-abiding (favorable). Ultimately, the theory focuses on how individuals learn how to become criminals, which is due to an excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law. Along the lines of differential association the theory of criminal desire holds that every human behavior is learned through interaction with the environment (Sutherland, 1949:76 ). From a researchers perspective, an individual will view society differently if they are gainfully employed as opposed to unemployed, if in a supportive and loving family or abused by parents. However, individuals might respond differently to the same situation depending on how their experience predisposes them to define their current surroundings (Sutherland, 1949:77). However, the integrated theory learning process is not limited to just differential associations, as is the case with Sutherlands theory, instead acknowledging the influence of both humans and non-human (i.e. money and social gain) objects. The second theory drawn upon the present formulation is Mertons theory on deviance from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie. Mertons theory involves the interactions and importance between culturally defined goals and what social arrangement make possible. According to Merton, anomie, derived from Emile Durkheim, if such cultural goals are not achievable through legitimate practices than individuals are likely to illegitimate means available for reaching them. In short, overemphasis on material success (i.e. the American dream as an emphasis on the goal of monetary success) and lack of opportunity for such success leads to crime. Institutional anomie theory, as published by Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld, proposed that the American societal pursuit of monetary success leads to anomie, or a departure from normal, sanctioned behaviors and a break from institutional social controls (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball, 2007:90). As anomie increases, so does the level of criminal behavior used by individuals to obtain monetary success (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball, 2007:90). As such, the integrated theory provides a more accurate and comprehensive explanation on the concepts established by Merton by providing adequate explanations of them including classifying each one as learned phenomena. Additionally, Mertons theory is proposed as the source of agitation, thereby leading one to commit crime, when the culturally defined goals of individuals are likely not to be achieved through legitimate processes.   Last, the general strain theory revised by Robert Agnew was developed from the work of Durkheim and Merton and taken from the original theory of anomie. According to the original strain theory, an increase in aspirations and a decrease in expectations should lead to an increase in delinquency; however, this was not found to be the case (Agnew, 1985:152). Also, the original strain theory predicted a concentration of delinquent behavior in the lower class, but research proved that delinquency was also common in the middle and upper classes (Agnew, 1985:152). Other variables are also neglected by this theory of strain, such as the abandonment of crime in late adolescence and the quality of family relationships (Agnew, 1985:152-153). Agnews general strain theory broadened the scope to include many more variable that were not addressed in the original strain theory as he attempted to explore strain theory for a perspective that accounted for goals other than monetary success and that cons idered an individuals position in social class, expectations for the future, and associations with criminal others (Agnew et al., 1996:683). General strain theory is a broad theory that can be applied to many different aspects of delinquency (ways of measuring strain, the different types of strain, and the link between strain and crime), however; in the integrated theory an individuals must also be taught how to cope without the help of others through involvement in social skills improvement, problem-solving training, and anger control programs which should lead to a decrease in delinquency. The integrated theory that incorporates elements by combining the ideas expressed by the concepts of differential association theory, Mertons theory on deviance from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie, and Robert Agnews general strain theory, serves to explain all types of criminal behavior, both violent and non-violent. The crimes could involve economically driven crimes (theft, robbery, etc.) or white-collar crimes which each are the direct result of a need to satisfy desires due to an inability to do so through legitimate means. I believe the integrated theory provides an accurate and comprehensive analysis defining delinquency with an explanation as to why some individuals commit crime where others do not. The integrate theory can be utilized to implement policies geared towards helping to lessen crime and help in providing a better explanation and understanding of criminal behavior.